基于RISC-V 与FPGA异构架构的分布式数据采集系统设计与实现

Design and Implementation of a Distributed Data Acquisition System Based on the Heterogeneous Architecture of RISC-V and FPGA

摘要

在工业物联网设备状态监测项目中，我们经常遇到通道数多、同步要求高、现场供电受限的情况。为此，我们设计了一套基于“FPGA+RISC-V”组合的分布式采集系统：FPGA负责控制16路ADC同时采样，并做简单的数据预处理；RISC-V处理器（BK7258）则负责把数据打包并通过Wi-Fi或以太网上传。实测下来，16通道同步采样率达到1MSPS，通道间同步误差小于1μs，连续运行72小时丢包率低于0.02%。为了把这套架构讲清楚，我们还拿之前做的一个两轮车智能仪表项目（基于BK7258）来对照分析，事实证明RISC-V在实时采集和控制场景中完全够用。

Abstract

In industrial IoT device condition monitoring projects, we frequently encounter challenges such as a large number of channels, stringent synchronization requirements, and limited on-site power supply. To address these issues, we developed a distributed acquisition system based on an FPGA-RISC-V architecture: the FPGA controls 16 ADC channels for simultaneous sampling and performs basic data preprocessing, while the RISC-V processor (BK7258) packages the data and transmits it via Wi-Fi or Ethernet. Experimental results demonstrate a synchronous sampling rate of 1 MSPS across all 16 channels, a channel-to-channel synchronization error below 1 μs, and a packet loss rate under 0.02% during continuous operation for 72 hours. To illustrate this architecture, we conducted a comparative analysis with our previous smart instrument project for two-wheeled vehicles (using the BK7258). These results confirm that RISC-V is fully capable for real-time acquisition and control applications.

关键词

RISC-V / FPGA / 分布式采集 / 异构架构 / 工业物联网

Key words

RISC-V / FPGA / distributed data acquisition / heterogeneous architecture / Industrial Internet of Things

参考文献

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