长输原油管道内腐蚀影响因素及防护措施研究

Research on the Factors Influencing Corrosion in Long-Distance Crude Oil Pipelines and Corresponding Prevention Measures

摘要

长输原油管道承担着油田、炼化企业和国家能源通道之间的连续输送任务，管线跨越距离长，沿线地形、温度和运行负荷差异明显。原油在长距离输送过程中会携带少量水、盐类、酸性组分、泥砂和微生物，部分低洼段、站场前后及流态变化区容易形成内腐蚀环境。内腐蚀问题通常具有隐蔽性，早期不一定影响输量，却可能逐步削弱管壁承载能力。围绕内腐蚀影响因素开展识别和防护，是长输原油管道运行管理中必须长期坚持的基础工作。

Abstract

Long-distance crude oil pipelines are responsible for the continuous transportation of crude oil between oil fields, refining and chemical enterprises, and national energy corridors. These pipelines traverse extensive distances, with significant variations in terrain, temperature, and operational loads along their routes. During long-distance transportation, crude oil carries small amounts of water, salts, acidic components, sediment, and microorganisms; low-lying sections, areas adjacent to stations, and zones with changing flow conditions are particularly prone to developing internal corrosion environments. Internal corrosion is typically insidious; while it may not significantly impact throughput initially, it can progressively compromise the load-bearing capacity of pipeline walls. Identifying and mitigating the factors contributing to internal corrosion constitutes a fundamental and ongoing task essential for the operational management of long-distance crude oil pipelines.

关键词

长输原油管道内腐蚀 / 影响因素 / 防护措施

Key words

internal corrosion in long-distance crude oil pipelines / influencing factors / protective measures

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