计量器具防作弊监管对烟气CEMS 防欺诈的启示

Implications of Metering Instrument Anti-Fraud Regulation for Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) Fraud Prevention in Flue Gas Monitoring

摘要

计量器具作弊已从零散个体违规演变为技术化、产业化的攻防对抗，对民生消费与税收秩序构成双重威胁。本文以电子计价秤与燃油加油机为样本，构建"物理接入层—固件逻辑层—数据链路层"三层攻击面分析框架，刻画作弊手段下沉与防御体系升级的动态博弈过程。研究发现：现行监管依托开壳锁机与唯一性核查、国密算法与自锁触发、区块链存证与智慧平台三类技术，并结合法制完善、标准供给与跨部门协同形成治理经验。将这一经验迁移至烟气CEMS防欺诈领域可见，二者在型式批准、强制检定与铅封管理上高度同构，可在技术标准融合、跨部门协同与数字化监管升级三方面实现借鉴。本文为跨领域计量监管提供了一套可迁移的分析范式。

Abstract

Metering device fraud has evolved from isolated individual violations into a sophisticated, industrialized battle of attacks and defenses, posing dual threats to public consumption and tax integrity. Using electronic weighing scales and fuel dispensers as case studies, this paper establishes a three-layer attack surface analysis framework comprising the Physical Access Layer, Firmware Logic Layer, and Data Link Layer, elucidating the dynamic interplay between escalating fraud techniques and evolving defense mechanisms. The study identifies three core regulatory approaches: hardware-based lock-unlocking mechanisms with uniqueness verification, national cryptographic algorithms with self-lock activation, and blockchain-based evidence storage integrated with smart platforms, complemented by legal frameworks, standardized protocols, and cross-departmental collaboration. Transplanting these insights to flue gas CEMS fraud prevention reveals significant similarities in product certification, mandatory calibration requirements, and lead seal management practices, offering actionable references for standard integration, interagency coordination, and digital governance enhancement. This work provides a transferable analytical paradigm for cross-sector metrological regulation.

关键词

计量器具 / 防作弊 / 电子计价秤 / 燃油加油机 / 智慧监管 / 烟气CEMS防欺诈

Key words

measuring instruments / fraud prevention / electronic weighing scales / fuel dispensers / smart monitoring / flue gas CEMS fraud prevention

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基金资助

内蒙古自治区 2024 年中央引导地方科技发展资金项目《基于行为分析和特征聚合的烟气监测系统反欺诈技术研究与应用示范》(2024ZY0149)