液相色谱法在食品中黄曲霉毒素检测中的应用与质控措施研究

Application and Quality Control Measures of Liquid Chromatography in the Detection of Aflatoxins in Foods

摘要

黄曲霉毒素是食品加工储存中常见的强致癌性真菌毒素，在粮油、坚果、乳制品等食品中检出率较高。长期摄入会损伤人体肝肾器官、破坏免疫系统，因此黄曲霉毒素检测是食品安全管控的重要环节。高效液相色谱法灵敏度高、分离与定量效果好、抗基质干扰能力强，是目前食品黄曲霉毒素检测的主流技术。明确该技术的应用要点，把控样品前处理、色谱条件优化、衍生化处理、上机检测与定量分析等核心环节，配合完善的质量管理措施，可充分发挥技术优势，保障检测结果精准可靠。

Abstract

Aflatoxin is a highly carcinogenic mycotoxin commonly encountered during food processing and storage, particularly prevalent in grains, oils, nuts, dairy products, and related foods. Long-term exposure may impair liver and kidney function and compromise the immune system; thus, aflatoxin detection has become a critical component of food safety management. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) offers advantages such as high sensitivity, excellent separation performance, precise quantification, and strong resistance to matrix interference, making it the predominant technique for aflatoxin detection in food. To maximize its technical benefits and obtain accurate results, it is essential to clarify key aspects of HPLC application in food aflatoxin analysis, rigorously control core steps—including sample preparation, optimization of chromatographic conditions, derivatization techniques, and instrument operation—and implement robust quality management measures.

关键词

食品安全 / 液相色谱法 / 黄曲霉毒素检测 / 应用要点

Key words

food safety / liquid chromatography / aflatoxin detection / key application considerations

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