城市轨道交通车辆关键部件故障检修智能化技术研究

Research on Intelligent Fault Repair Technology for Key Components in Urban Rail Transit Vehicles

摘要

城市轨道交通车辆长时间处于高频次启停、满载运行、复杂线路环境之中，其关键部件的状态对于列车运行安全、运输效率、乘客体验有着直接的关联。传统的检修方式主要是依靠计划修、人工巡检、事后处理，虽然能够满足基本的维护要求，然而在故障预警、隐患识别、资源配置等方面存在着滞后性。伴随传感监测、数据分析、人工智能、数字化检修平台的发展，车辆故障检修逐渐从经验判断朝着状态感知、智能诊断、精准维护转变。本文依据关键部件的故障特点，来分析智能化检修技术的价值，探讨数据采集、故障诊断、检修决策、管理优化的路径，从而为提高车辆运维质量提供参考。

Abstract

Urban rail transit vehicles operate under prolonged conditions of frequent start-stop cycles, full-load operation, and complex route environments. The condition of their critical components directly impacts train operational safety, transportation efficiency, and passenger experience. Traditional maintenance approaches primarily rely on scheduled repairs, manual inspections, and post-failure interventions, which meet basic maintenance requirements but exhibit delays in fault early warning, hazard identification, and resource allocation. With advancements in sensor monitoring, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and digital maintenance platforms, vehicle fault diagnosis and repair have evolved from empirical methods to state-aware monitoring, intelligent diagnostics, and precision maintenance. Based on the failure characteristics of key components, this paper analyzes the value of intelligent maintenance technologies and explores pathways for data acquisition, fault diagnosis, maintenance decision-making, and management optimization, thereby providing insights for enhancing vehicle operation and maintenance quality.

关键词

城市轨道交通 / 车辆关键部件 / 故障检修 / 智能化技术 / 状态维护

Key words

urban rail transit / key vehicle components / fault diagnosis and repair / intelligent technologies / condition-based maintenance

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