致密油藏水平井钻井轨迹精准控制技术研究

Research on Precision Control Technology for Horizontal Well Drilling Trajectories in Tight Oil Reservoirs

摘要

致密油是我国最主要的非常规油气资源之一，其高效开采关系到国家能源安全。水平井能够最大限度地接触储层，提高单井产能，是我国致密油气资源开发的重要技术途径，然而，由于致密油储层具有低孔、低渗透、强非均质性和薄互层等特点，对其钻进轨迹的精确控制提出了苛刻的要求。基于此，本文针对致密油藏水平井钻井轨迹控制面临的技术难题，系统研究了地质导向优化、钻井工具适配、轨迹设计与动态调整、井眼稳定性控制、绿色低碳协同控制等核心技术，构建了“设计-控制-监测-调整”全流程精准控制技术体系。并通过实例验证，以期为行业内相关人员提供参考。

Abstract

Tight oil, one of China’s most critical unconventional oil and gas resources, plays a vital role in national energy security through efficient extraction. Horizontal wells, which maximize reservoir contact and enhance single-well productivity, represent a key technological approach for developing tight oil resources. However, the unique characteristics of tight oil reservoirs—including low porosity, low permeability, strong heterogeneity, and thin interbedding—pose stringent requirements for precise drilling trajectory control. Addressing these technical challenges, this study systematically investigates core technologies such as geological guidance optimization, drilling tool matching, trajectory design and dynamic adjustment, wellbore stability control, and green-low-carbon coordinated control. A comprehensive “design-control-monitor-adjust” precision control technology system has been established. Through practical case validation, this research aims to provide valuable references for professionals in the industry.

关键词

致密油藏 / 水平井 / 钻井轨迹 / 精准控制

Key words

tight reservoir / horizontal well / drilling trajectory / precision control

参考文献

[1] 李根生, 黄中伟, 牛继磊. 致密油藏水平井高效钻井技术进展与展望[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(5):632-646.

[2] 高德利, 刁斌斌, 曲从锋. 水平井轨迹控制技术现状与发展趋势[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 2019, 41(2):137-144.

[3] 王敏生, 张洪伟, 李勇. 致密油藏地质导向钻井技术优化与应用[J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(8):102-109.