山区公路地质灾害风险评估与分级防治工程体系构建与实践
Construction and Practice of Engineering System for Risk Assessment and Graded Prevention of Mountain Road Geological Disasters
山区公路作为区域经济与社会发展的关键基础设施，受地质条件、地形起伏和气候变化等因素影响，易发生滑坡、泥石流、崩塌等地质灾害，严重威胁交通安全与生态环境。本文通过地质勘测、遥感解译、GIS空间分析及数值模拟技术，建立了多因素风险评价模型，对山区公路地质灾害的类型、分布规律及风险等级进行研究，并构建了以风险评估为核心的分级防治工程体系。该体系涵盖灾害识别、监测、风险分区治理、信息化预警和应急决策等环节，能够有效实现从“事后治理”到“事前防控”的转变，提升公路的防灾减灾能力与运行安全，为山区交通基础设施的可持续发展提供科学依据与实践参考。
As critical infrastructure for regional economic and social development, mountainous roadways are susceptible to geological hazards such as landslides, debris flows, and rockfalls due to factors including geological conditions, topographical variations, and climate changes, posing significant threats to traffic safety and ecological environments. This study employs geological surveys, remote sensing interpretation, GIS spatial analysis, and numerical simulation techniques to establish a multi-factor risk assessment model. It investigates the types, distribution patterns, and risk levels of geological hazards in mountainous roadways, and constructs a risk-based hierarchical prevention and control engineering system. The system encompasses disaster identification, monitoring, risk zoning management, information-based early warning, and emergency decision-making, effectively transitioning from “post- incident remediation” to “pre-incident prevention.” This approach enhances disaster mitigation capabilities and operational safety of roadways, providing scientific basis and practical references for the sustainable development of mountainous transportation infrastructure.
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