超百米火电厂烟囱筒壁垂直度控制技术及误差分析

Verticality Control Technology and Error Analysis of Chimney Wall of 100 m High Thermal Power Plant

摘要

超高烟囱筒壁垂直度控制是火电厂建设中的关键技术难题，其误差来源涉及环境扰动、结构变形与测量系统精度的多重耦合。本研究以华能某电厂240米钢筋混凝土烟囱工程为对象，构建激光铅直仪与天顶仪联测的基准传递体系，开发基于智能平台的模板中心定位与调平技术，并采用高精度全站仪实施三维坐标实时校核，系统分析风荷载、日照温差、平台偏心及混凝土徐变等因素引起的偏差特征，建立测量误差传播数学模型，提出基于预测模型的模板预偏置补偿工艺与环境敏感时段测量规避策略，通过成筒后三维激光扫描验证最终垂直度偏差控制在规范限值的62%以内。

Abstract

Verticality control of super-high chimney walls represents a critical technical challenge in thermal power plant construction, with errors stemming from the coupling of environmental disturbances, structural deformation, and measurement system precision. This study investigates a 240-meter reinforced concrete chimney project at a Huaneng Power Plant. A benchmark transfer system integrating laser plumb line and zenith instrument was established, while intelligent platform-based template center positioning and leveling technologies were developed. High-precision total stations were employed for real-time 3D coordinate verification. Systematic analysis of deviation characteristics caused by wind loads, solar thermal variations, platform eccentricity, and concrete creep led to the establishment of a mathematical model for measurement error propagation. A predictive model-based template pre-bias compensation process and environmental sensitive period avoidance strategy were proposed. Post-construction 3D laser scanning validated that the final verticality deviation remained within 62% of the specified limit.

关键词

超高烟囱 / 垂直度控制 / 基准传递 / 误差分析 / 预偏置补偿

Key words

Super high chimney / Verticality control / Datum transfer / Error analysis / Pre-bias compensation

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