深低温空间冻存架的形变量仿真分析

Simulation Analysis of Deformation in Deep Cryogenic Space Freezing Racks

摘要

本文聚焦于深低温（通常低于-80℃）环境下自动化样本存储系统中关键组件——不锈钢焊接冻存架的低温形变问题研究。针对复杂焊接结构，仅依靠手册中的材料线膨胀系数计算热收缩量已无法满足实际工程设计精度要求。研究通过实测与有限元仿真（SolidWorks Simulation）相结合的方法，对冻存架的线性收缩与层板弯曲变形进行了系统性测量与分析。实验采用三坐标测量仪在不同温度（常温、-20℃、-40℃、-80℃）下直接测量了架体关键位置的坐标形变，并与同等条件下的仿真数据进行了详细对比。结果表明：在此温度区间内，复杂焊接结构的低温形变遵循线性热膨胀规律；同时发现横向（Y向）与纵向（Z向）的收缩系数存在差异，这可能与材料各向异性及制造工艺有关。研究验证了有限元仿真在该类问题分析中的有效性，为优化后续相似结构的仿真与制造工艺提供了重要的理论依据与实践指导。

Abstract

This paper focuses on the low-temperature deformation study of a key component in automated sample storage systems under cryogenic conditions (typically below -80℃)—the stainless steel welded cryogenic rack. For complex welded structures, relying solely on the linear thermal expansion coefficient from manuals is insufficient to meet the precision requirements of practical engineering design. Through a combination of experimental measurements and finite element simulation (SolidWorks Simulation), the study systematically measured and analyzed the linear contraction and layer bending deformation of the cryogenic rack. Experiments directly measured the coordinate deformation at critical positions of the rack body using a three-coordinate measuring instrument at different temperatures (room temperature, -20℃, -40℃, -80℃), with detailed comparisons made against simulation data under identical conditions. The results indicate that within this temperature range, the low-temperature deformation of complex welded structures follows linear thermal expansion patterns. Additionally, differences were observed in the contraction coefficients between the transverse (Y-axis) and longitudinal (Z-axis) directions, which may be related to material anisotropy and manufacturing processes. The study validates the effectiveness of finite element simulation in analyzing such issues, providing important theoretical foundations and practical guidance for optimizing subsequent similar structures’ simulation and manufacturing processes.

关键词

深低温 / 形变 / 有限元仿真 / 材料各向异性

Key words

Deep low temperature / Deformation / Finite element simulation / Material anisotropy

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