水利工程复杂溶洞发育区固结灌浆施工的注浆量精准控制

Accurate Control of Grouting Volume in Consolidation Grouting Construction of Complex Karst Development Area of Hydraulic Engineering

摘要

复杂岩溶区溶洞、溶隙与暗河常呈多级连通，固结灌浆往往出现吃浆突跳、压力难建、串冒难控等注入量失真问题。工程上如果仅凭单孔累计方量或经验上限下限判断，容易造成局部过灌或漏灌，后续孔序也难以复核。本文立足水利工程坝基与洞室围岩处理中常见的充填型与空洞型溶洞，结合现行水工建筑物水泥灌浆施工技术规范要求，从试段判别、限量稳注、配比递进、终止判据与复灌闭环等方面，提出注浆量精准控制的可操作做法。

Abstract

In complex karst regions, caves, fissures, and underground rivers often exhibit multi-level connectivity. Consolidation grouting frequently encounters issues such as grout consumption surges, pressure establishment difficulties, and uncontrolled leakage, leading to inaccurate injection volumes. Relying solely on cumulative volume from a single borehole or empirical upper/lower limits in engineering practice may result in localized over-injection or under-injection, complicating subsequent borehole sequence verification. This paper addresses common filling-type and cavity-type karst formations in dam foundation and cavern surrounding rock treatment for hydraulic structures. In accordance with current technical specifications for cement grouting in hydraulic engineering, it proposes actionable methods for precise grouting volume control, covering trial section identification, limited steady injection, progressive mix design, termination criteria, and closed-loop re-injection procedures.

关键词

水利工程 / 复杂溶洞发育区 / 固结灌浆施工 / 注浆量 / 精准控制

Key words

Hydraulic engineering / Complex karst cave development area / Consolidation grouting construction / Grouting volume / Precision control

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