建筑工程测绘中激光雷达测绘技术的优势与运用方法

Advantages and Application Methods of Lidar Surveying and Mapping Technology in Construction Engineering Surveying and Mapping

摘要

建筑工程测绘是工程建设的基础，其精度与效率直接决定工程质量与管理水平。传统测绘技术（全站仪、GPS等）在复杂地形、异形结构及大型工程中，受通视限制、作业效率低及数据维度单一等瓶颈日益凸显。激光雷达（LiDAR）技术作为新型空间数据获取手段，通过主动发射激光脉冲并接收回波，可快速、高密度、高精度生成三维点云数据，实现建筑空间的非接触式全要素数字化采集。本文系统剖析其工作原理，对比传统技术性能差异，重点构建标准化作业流程，明确在复杂地形、异形建筑及施工监测等场景的技术运用方法，并探讨应用挑战与优化路径，以期为建筑工程测绘领域的数字化转型提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract

Construction surveying serves as the cornerstone of engineering projects, where precision and efficiency directly determine both construction quality and management standards. Conventional surveying technologies (e.g., total stations, GPS) increasingly face limitations in complex terrains, irregular structures, and large-scale projects, including restricted line-of-sight, low operational efficiency, and single-dimensional data acquisition. As an innovative spatial data acquisition method, LiDAR technology generates high-density, high-precision 3D point cloud data through active laser pulse emission and echo reception, enabling non-contact digitalization of architectural spaces. This paper systematically analyzes LiDAR’s working principles, compares its performance with traditional technologies, establishes standardized operational workflows, and clarifies technical application methods for complex terrains, irregular structures, and construction monitoring. It further explores implementation challenges and optimization pathways, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical references for the digital transformation of construction surveying.

关键词

建筑工程测绘 / 激光雷达（LiDAR） / 三维点云 / 技术优势

Key words

construction engineering surveying / LiDAR / 3D point cloud / technical advantages

参考文献

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