基于无人机倾斜摄影技术的建筑工程测绘要点研究

Research on Key Points of Construction Engineering Surveying and Mapping Based on UAV Oblique Photography Technology

摘要

无人机倾斜摄影技术凭借多角度成像、快速三维建模与高精度量测等优势，已成为现代建筑工程测绘的重要技术手段。本文结合建筑工程测绘实际需求，系统阐述无人机倾斜摄影技术原理与应用特点，从外业作业、数据处理、精度控制、模型优化等环节梳理关键技术要点，分析作业过程中常见问题与改进对策，并提出适用于建筑工程场景的标准化作业流程。研究表明，通过合理航线规划、精准像控布设、严密空三解算与精细化建模处理，可有效提升三维模型精度与完整性，满足1:500大比例尺工程测绘要求。该技术能够显著提高测绘效率、降低作业成本、保障数据全面性，为建筑工程勘察设计、施工管控、竣工测绘与数字化运维提供可靠支撑。

Abstract

Drone oblique photography technology has become a crucial technical approach in modern construction engineering surveying, leveraging its advantages of multi-angle imaging, rapid 3D modeling, and high-precision measurement. This paper systematically elucidates the principles and application characteristics of drone oblique photography technology, addressing practical needs in construction engineering surveying. It outlines key technical aspects from field operations, data processing, precision control, to model optimization, analyzes common operational challenges and improvement strategies, and proposes standardized workflows tailored for construction scenarios. The study demonstrates that through rational flight path planning, precise image control deployment, rigorous aerial triangulation, and refined modeling processing, the accuracy and completeness of 3D models can be significantly enhanced to meet the requirements of 1:500 large-scale engineering surveying. This technology effectively improves surveying efficiency, reduces operational costs, ensures data comprehensiveness, and provides reliable support for construction project investigation and design, construction management, completion surveying, and digital operation and maintenance.

关键词

无人机倾斜摄影 / 建筑工程测绘 / 三维建模 / 精度控制 / 实景三维模型

Key words

UAV oblique photography / construction engineering surveying / 3D modeling / precision control / real-scene 3D model

参考文献

[1] 中华人民共和国国家标准. 航空摄影技术规范GB/T 19294-2019[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2019.

[2] 李清泉, 周命端. 无人机倾斜摄影测量三维建模理论与实践[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020.

[3] 王晏民, 黄明. 地面与航空摄影测量三维重建技术[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 2021.

[4] 张卡, 盛业华. 基于倾斜摄影的建筑工程竣工测绘方法研究[J]. 测绘通报, 2022(04):87-91.

[5] 刘先林, 邹友峰. 无人机航空摄影测量在工程测绘中的应用[J]. 测绘科学, 2021, 46(02):1-6.

[6] 赵超英, 张勤. 无人机倾斜摄影精度控制关键技术研究[J]. 测绘工程, 2022, 31(03):45-50.