绞吸式挖泥船水下清淤精准定位技术探究

Exploration of Precise Positioning Technology for Underwater Dredging of Cutter Suction Dredgers

摘要

水下清淤是航道疏浚、港口治理和水环境治理的重要内容，绞吸挖泥船以其高效率和持续性的特点，已逐渐被人们所熟知，但由于其工作环境受水流干扰、水体遮挡和地形复杂等多方面的影响，使得其水下定位精度不足，容易造成清淤不彻底、超挖欠挖等问题，严重限制了施工的质量和效率。本项目以绞吸疏浚作业特点为研究对象，剖析其核心要求和评判准则，探索其适用范围，建立多源联合定位技术体系，阐明卫星、声学、惯性导航三种定位技术的融合机理和协作定位模式，提出基于星-声-惯导的联合定位方法，期望为绞吸式挖泥船水下清淤精准作业奠定技术基础，促进疏浚工程智能化和精准化发展。

Abstract

Underwater dredging is an important part of waterway dredging, port management, and water environment management. The cutter suction dredger has gradually become well-known for its high efficiency and sustainability. However, due to its working environment being affected by various factors such as water flow interference, water obstruction, and complex terrain, its underwater positioning accuracy is insufficient, which can easily lead to incomplete dredging, over excavation, and under excavation, seriously limiting the quality and efficiency of construction. This project focuses on the characteristics of suction dredging operations, analyzes their core requirements and evaluation criteria, explores their applicability, establishes a multi-source joint positioning technology system, clarifies the fusion mechanism and collaborative positioning mode of satellite, acoustic, and inertial navigation positioning technologies, and proposes a joint positioning method based on satellite acoustic inertial navigation. It is expected to lay a technical foundation for precise underwater dredging operations of suction dredgers and promote the intelligent and precise development of dredging engineering.

关键词

绞吸挖泥船 / 水下清淤 / 精准定位

Key words

cutter suction dredger / Underwater dredging / precise positioning

参考文献

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[2] 周继辉, 路萍. 绞吸挖泥船疏浚成本分析与控制策略研究[J]. 水运工程, 2025,(08):250-254.

[3] 何顺鹏. 河道治理工程疏浚与护坡施工技术应用研究[J]. 南国博览, 2025,(03):80-83.