玉米大豆间作减量施氮对当季作物农艺性状、经济效益和后茬小麦产量的影响

Effects of reduced nitrogen application on agronomic traits, economic benefits and yield of subsequent wheat in intercropping maize and soybean

摘要

在农业绿色发展和资源高效利用的背景下，本研究聚焦玉米大豆条带复合种植模式中施氮量的优化。于2022-2023年开展田间试验，设置玉米单作、大豆单作、玉米大豆间作全量施氮、玉米大豆间作减量施氮4个处理。结果表明，种植模式与施氮量显著影响间作作物生长。间作全量施氮下玉米农艺性状和产量与单作无显著差异，经济效益最高；间作减量施氮玉米生长和产量下降。间作在土地当量比、经济效益和作物吸氮量上均显著高于单作。后茬冬小麦中，间作全量施氮的籽粒产量和吸氮量较高，间作减量施氮与夏播玉米单作后茬产量无显著差异。综合分析，间作全量施氮效果更优，但从多方面效益考虑，施氮量仍有优化空间，本研究为该技术模式推广提供实践经验。

Abstract

In the context of green agricultural development and efficient resource utilization, this study focuses on optimizing nitrogen application in intercropping corn and soybeans. Field trials were conducted from 2022 to 2023, with four treatments: single cropping of corn, single cropping of soybeans, full nitrogen application in intercropping of corn and soybeans, and reduced nitrogen application in intercropping of corn and soybeans. The results show that planting patterns and nitrogen application significantly affect the growth of intercropped crops. Under full nitrogen application in intercropping, there was no significant difference in agronomic traits and yield between intercropping and single cropping, with the highest economic benefits; under reduced nitrogen application in intercropping, both corn growth and yield declined. Intercropping showed significantly higher land equivalent ratio, economic benefits, and nitrogen uptake compared to single cropping. In subsequent winter wheat, full nitrogen application in intercropping resulted in higher grain yield and nitrogen uptake, while reduced nitrogen application in intercropping showed no significant difference in subsequent summer corn yields compared to single cropping. Overall, full nitrogen application in intercropping is more effective, but considering multiple benefits, there is still room for optimizing nitrogen application. This study provides practical experience for the promotion of this technical model.

关键词

玉米大豆间作 / 减量施氮 / 农艺性状 / 经济效益 / 后茬小麦产量

Key words

intercropping of corn and soybean / reduced nitrogen application / agronomic traits / economic benefits / yield of wheat in subsequent crop

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