乡土树种林下套种中药材对土壤肥力及特色林产品溢价能力的影响分析

Analysis on the influence of intercropping Chinese medicinal materials under native tree forests on soil fertility and premium price of characteristic forest products

摘要

为明确乡土树种林下套种中药材的生态与经济价值，本文分析其对土壤肥力及特色林产品溢价的影响。结果显示，该模式可改善土壤物理性质，如“马尾松+天麻”套种区含水量较纯松林高15%～20%；优化化学性质，如“杨树+知母”套种区全氮、速效磷分别提升9.6%、13.4%；提升生物活性，套种区蚯蚓密度为纯林2.3倍。但是物种适配性关键，“杉木+茯苓”效果最优，“桦树+高秆药材”致肥力退化。经济层面，模式依托品质、生态、特色、品牌驱动溢价，安徽金寨案例中茯苓溢价75%～150%，杉木溢价50%。当前存在技术不规范、品牌薄弱等问题，需通过技术推广、品牌建设破解。该模式可实现生态与经济双赢，为林业发展提供路径。

Abstract

To clarify the ecological and economic value of intercropping medicinal herbs under native tree species, this study analyzes their impacts on soil fertility and premium pricing of specialty forest products. Results show that this model improves soil physical properties—such as a 15% to 20% higher moisture content in “Chinese pine + Gastrodia” intercropping areas compared to pure pine forests—and enhances chemical composition, with “poplar + Anemarrhena” zones showing 9.6% and 13.4% increases in total nitrogen and available phosphorus, respectively. It also boosts biological activity, with worm density in intercropping areas being 2.3 times higher than pure forests. However, species compatibility is key: “fir + Poria cocos” yields optimal results, while “birch + tall medicinal plants” leads to fertility degradation. Economically, the model drives premium pricing through quality, ecology, uniqueness, and branding—demonstrated by a 75% to 150% premium for Poria cocos and 50% for fir in Jinzhai, Anhui. Current challenges include technical irregularities and weak branding, which require solutions through technology promotion and brand building. This model achieves ecological and economic win-win outcomes, providing a viable pathway for forestry development.

关键词

乡土树种 / 林下套种 / 中药材 / 土壤肥力 / 特色林产品

Key words

native tree species / intercropping under forest / Chinese medicinal materials / soil fertility / characteristic forest products

参考文献

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[2] 赵洋, 余雯静, 何易蔓, 余春霞, 吴承祯, 李键. 套种南方红豆杉对杉木人工林土壤肥力的影响[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2024, 30(2): 344-352.

[3] 李飞少. 桉树林下套种阔叶树林分生长与土壤养分差异分析[J]. 绿色科技, 2022, 24(17): 103-106.