小麦玉米轮作体系下节本增效栽培技术研究

Research on Cost Saving and Efficiency Increasing Cultivation Techniques under Wheat Corn Rotation System

摘要

小麦—玉米轮作是我国黄淮海平原等主产区普遍采用的一年两熟主要种植制度，对保障口粮安全和稳定农民收入具有基础性作用。但在资源环境约束日益趋紧和要素价格持续上涨的背景下，传统高投入、高消耗的粗放栽培模式已难以为继，如何在保证单产和品质的前提下实现投入成本下降与综合效益提升，成为轮作体系下技术集成与模式创新的重要方向。本文在梳理小麦玉米轮作体系特点与应用现状的基础上，明确节本增效的内涵与关键评价指标，分析影响节本增效的主要制约因素，围绕品种与种子处理、茬口衔接与播种优化、水肥高效利用以及病虫草害绿色防控等环节，构建适宜黄淮海典型区域的小麦玉米轮作节本增效综合栽培技术模式，并通过对比试验对其应用效果进行分析。

Abstract

Wheat maize rotation is a commonly used two crop system in major production areas such as the Huang Huai Hai Plain in China, which plays a fundamental role in ensuring food security and stabilizing farmers’ income. However, against the backdrop of increasingly tight resource and environmental constraints and continuous rise in factor prices, the traditional extensive cultivation model with high input and high consumption is no longer sustainable. How to reduce input costs and improve comprehensive benefits while ensuring yield and quality has become an important direction for technology integration and model innovation in crop rotation systems. On the basis of summarizing the characteristics and application status of wheat corn rotation system, this article clarifies the connotation and key evaluation indicators of cost saving and efficiency improvement, analyzes the main limiting factors affecting cost saving and efficiency improvement, and constructs a comprehensive cultivation technology model for wheat corn rotation cost saving and efficiency improvement suitable for typical areas of the Huang Huai Hai region, focusing on variety and seed treatment, crop connection and sowing optimization, efficient use of water and fertilizer, and green prevention and control of pests, diseases and weeds. The application effect is analyzed through comparative experiments.

关键词

小麦 / 玉米 / 轮作体系 / 节本增效 / 栽培技术

Key words

wheat / Corn / Crop rotation system / Cost saving and efficiency increasing / cultivation techniques

参考文献

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