核电厂运行安全风险评估与控制策略研究

Research on Risk Assessment and Control Strategies for Nuclear Power Plant Operation Safety

摘要

在全球能源结构转型加速推进的背景下，核能作为清洁高效的基荷能源，其战略地位日益凸显。然而，核电厂运行过程中潜藏的系统性风险始终是悬在人类头顶的达摩克利斯之剑--从反应堆压力边界的材料疲劳到数字化控制系统面临的网络攻击，从人因失误到极端自然灾害的复合威胁，多维风险交织形成的复杂链条时刻考验着核电安全防线。国际原子能机构统计显示，近十年全球核事件中，约68%与设备老化、管理漏洞直接相关，这暴露出传统风险评估体系在动态演变风险面前的局限性。正是这种双重属性使得构建科学的风险评估模型与立体化控制策略成为保障核电可持续发展的生命线，而新一代人工智能技术与韧性工程理念的融合，正为破解这一难题提供全新路径。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of accelerating global energy structure transformation, nuclear energy, as a clean and efficient base load energy, is increasingly prominent in its strategic position. However, the systemic risks hidden in the operation of nuclear power plants have always been the Damocles sword hanging over human heads - from material fatigue at the reactor pressure boundary to cyber attacks on digital control systems, from human error to the composite threat of extreme natural disasters, the complex chain of multidimensional risks interwoven constantly tests the safety defense line of nuclear power. According to statistics from the International Atomic Energy Agency, approximately 68% of global nuclear incidents in the past decade are directly related to equipment aging and management loopholes, exposing the limitations of traditional risk assessment systems in the face of dynamically evolving risks. It is precisely this dual attribute that makes the construction of scientific risk assessment models and three-dimensional control strategies the lifeline to ensure the sustainable development of nuclear power. The integration of new generation artificial intelligence technology and resilience engineering concepts is providing a new path to solve this problem.

关键词

核电厂 / 运行安全 / 风险评估 / 控制策略

Key words

nuclear power plant / Operational safety / Risk assessment / Control strategy

参考文献

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