火电厂电动机常见故障及运维策略

Common Faults and Operation and Maintenance Strategies of Electric Motor in Thermal Power Plant

摘要

火电厂辅机多、工况连续，电动机从给煤、送引风、凝结水、循环水到脱硫浆液等环节都承担关键拖动任务。运维人员在现场更常面对的是长期满负荷、启停频繁、粉尘潮气和振动叠加带来的渐进性劣化，而不是一次性失效。本文以常见笼型异步电动机及部分高压电动机为对象，结合机组检修节奏、班组点检路径和预防性试验要求，围绕绝缘、轴承、转子及电源回路四类高发问题展开归纳，并把缺陷发现、判据确认与处置闭环落到可执行的工单与交接记录中。文末提出面向火电现场的运维策略组合，用以降低非计划停运与备件消耗。

Abstract

Thermal power plants operate with numerous auxiliary machines under continuous conditions, where motors play critical roles in coal feeding, induced draft supply, condensate circulation, circulating water systems, and desulfurization slurry processes. Field maintenance personnel primarily encounter progressive degradation caused by prolonged full-load operation, frequent start-stop cycles, and combined effects of dust, moisture, and vibration, rather than one-time failures. This paper focuses on common squirrel-cage induction motors and selected high-voltage motors, analyzing four high-frequency issues—insulation, bearings, rotors, and power circuits—by integrating unit maintenance schedules, team inspection protocols, and preventive testing requirements. The findings are systematically documented in executable work orders and handover records. The study concludes with a field-oriented O&M strategy package to reduce unplanned outages and spare parts consumption.

关键词

火电厂 / 电动机 / 常见故障 / 运维 / 策略

Key words

Thermal power plant / Electric motor / Common faults / Operation and maintenance / Strategy

参考文献

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