火力发电厂发电机组集控运行技术探析

Analysis on Centralized Control Operation Technology of Generating Units in Thermal Power Plants

摘要

电力系统由以电量供应为主转向保供、调峰、调频和适应新能源波动并重的背景下，火力发电厂发电机组的运行方式已经由单纯追求额定工况下的高出力，转为强调宽负荷、快响应、稳参数和低煤耗的综合控制。集控运行不再只是把锅炉、汽轮机和电气设备接入同一监控平台，而是要在统一逻辑下把负荷指令、燃烧状态、汽水参数、冷端工况和环保约束同步纳入调节闭环。基于当前中国煤电仍承担大比例发电量、顶峰能力和系统调节能力的运行现实，集控运行技术的优劣，直接影响机组的安全边界、调度适应性和实际能效水平。

Abstract

Under the background of the power system shifting from primarily electricity supply to a balance of supply assurance, peak shaving, frequency regulation, and adaptation to renewable energy fluctuations, the operating modes of thermal power plant generating units have evolved from solely pursuing high output under rated conditions to emphasizing comprehensive control with wide load range, rapid response, stable parameters, and low coal consumption. Centralized control operation no longer merely involves integrating boilers, steam turbines, and electrical equipment into a single monitoring platform, but requires synchronous inclusion of load commands, combustion status, steam-water parameters, cold-end conditions, and environmental constraints into the regulation loop under unified logic. Given the current operational reality where China’s coal-fired power continues to bear a significant proportion of power generation capacity, peak load capability, and system regulation capacity, the quality of centralized control operation technology directly impacts the safety margin of units, dispatch adaptability, and actual energy efficiency levels.

关键词

火力发电厂 / 发电机组 / 集控运行 / 技术 / 探析

Key words

thermal power plant / generating unit / centralized control operation / technology / analysis

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