工业系统中吸收式热泵技术的应用对策思考

Thoughts on Application Countermeasures of Absorption Heat Pump Technology in Industrial Systems

摘要

工业系统的运行伴随着大量废气、废水和废热的排放，已成为制约工业可持续发展的关键瓶颈问题。根据国际能源署（IEA）2023年统计数据，全球工业能耗总量的54%以余热形式流失，其中80-150℃中温区余热占比高达38%，相当于每年约7.8×10¹⁸J的能量被浪费。在这一背景下，吸收式热泵技术因其独特的热驱动特性，成为工业余热回收领域最具前景的技术方案之一。该技术通过热力学循环将低品位工业余热转化为可用热能，不仅能实现每小时数吉焦（GJ）级的热能回收，更能使工业系统整体能效提升20%以上。

Abstract

The operation of industrial systems generates substantial emissions of exhaust gases, wastewater, and waste heat, which has become a critical bottleneck constraining sustainable industrial development. According to 2023 statistics from the International Energy Agency (IEA), 54% of global industrial energy consumption is lost as waste heat, with medium-temperature waste heat (80~150℃) accounting for as much as 38% of this total - equivalent to approximately 7.8×10¹⁸J of energy wasted annually. In this context, absorption heat pump technology has emerged as one of the most promising solutions for industrial waste heat recovery due to its unique thermally-driven characteristics. Through thermodynamic cycles, this technology can effectively transform low-grade industrial waste heat into usable thermal energy. It not only enables heat recovery at scales of several gigajoules (GJ) per hour, but can also improve overall industrial system energy efficiency by more than 20%.

关键词

工业系统 / 吸收式热泵技术 / 余热回收 / 应用

Key words

industrial systems / absorption heat pump technology / waste heat recovery / application

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