锅炉受热面高温腐蚀机理及防护技术研究

Research on the Mechanism of High-Temperature Corrosion of Boiler Heat Absorbing Surfaces and Protection Technologies

摘要

锅炉受热面在高温燃烧环境中长期运行，易受到燃料中硫、氯、钠等腐蚀性元素的作用，产生高温腐蚀现象，导致金属表面氧化皮剥落、壁厚减薄和材料失效，严重影响锅炉安全与寿命。高温腐蚀机理主要包括氧化、硫化、氯化及其交互作用，其形成与燃料性质、燃烧温度、烟气组分及受热面材料密切相关。本文通过系统分析锅炉受热面高温腐蚀的机理特征，探讨腐蚀行为的演化规律及不同材料的耐蚀差异，重点研究防护技术的应用效果与改进方向。

Abstract

The heating surfaces of boilers operate for long periods under high-temperature combustion environments and are easily affected by corrosive elements such as sulfur,chlorine,and sodium contained in fuel.This exposure leads to high-temperature corrosion,causing oxide scale spalling,wall thinning,and material failure,which severely threaten boiler safety and service life.The mechanisms of high-temperature corrosion mainly include oxidation,sulfidation,chlorination,and their interactions,all of which are closely related to fuel properties,combustion temperature,flue gas composition,and heating surface materials.This paper systematically analyzes the characteristics and mechanisms of high-temperature corrosion on boiler heating surfaces,explores the evolution of corrosion behavior and material resistance differences,and focuses on the application performance and improvement directions of protective technologies.

关键词

锅炉受热面 / 高温腐蚀 / 氧化硫化机理 / 防护技术 / 材料改性

Key words

boiler heating surface / high-temperature corrosion / oxidation-sulfidation mechanism / protective technology / material modification

参考文献

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