电动葫芦简易升降机安全隐患分析与综合防控对策

Analysis on Potential Safety Hazards of Simple Hoists with Electric Hoists and Comprehensive PreventionControl Countermeasures

摘要

以电动葫芦为动力的简易载货升降机，凭借成本低、构造简单、操作便捷等优势，在机械、化工、纺织等行业的楼层物料输送中得到广泛应用。但因该类设备长期缺少统一的设计制造、安装验收与运维管理标准，大量设备由使用单位自行加工搭建，普遍存在结构设计不合理、制造安装不规范、安全防护装置缺失、日常维保流于形式、现场使用管理混乱等突出问题，极易引发吊笼坠落、人员跌入井道、机械挤压剪切等恶性安全事故。本文以 GB 28755-2012《简易升降机安全规程》为依据，结合近年来典型生产安全事故案例，系统梳理电动葫芦简易升降机全生命周期安全风险点，从结构优化设计、制造安装质量管控、安全防护装置配置、定期维保机制建设、现场使用管理规范五个方面，提出系统化、可落地的安全防控技术与管理措施，全面提升设备本质安全水平，为企业同类非标起重设备的安全治理提供技术支撑与实践参考。

Abstract

Simple cargo lifts driven by electric hoists are widely used for interfloor material transportation in machinery, chemical, textile and other industries due to their low cost, simple structure and convenient operation. However, such equipment has long lacked unified standards for design, manufacturing, installation, acceptance, operation and maintenance. Most units are selfprocessed and erected by users, resulting in prominent problems such as unreasonable structural design, nonstandard manufacturing and installation, insufficient safety protection devices, perfunctory daily maintenance, and chaotic onsite management. These defects may easily cause serious safety accidents including cage falling, personnel falling into hoistways, mechanical extrusion and shearing. Based on GB 287552012Safety Code for Simple Lifts and typical work safety accident cases in recent years, this paper systematically sorts out safety risk points throughout the whole life cycle of simple electrichoist lifts. Systematic and practical safety prevention technologies and management measures are proposed from five aspects: structural optimization design, quality control of manufacturing and installation, configuration of safety protection devices, establishment of regular maintenance mechanisms, and standardization of onsite operation management, so as to comprehensively improve the intrinsic safety of equipment and provide technical support and practical reference for safety governance of similar nonstandard lifting equipment in enterprises.

关键词

电动葫芦 / 简易升降机 / 安全风险 / 事故防控 / 非标设备 / 本质安全

Key words

electric hoist / simple lift / safety risk / accident prevention and control / nonstandard equipment / intrinsic safety

参考文献

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