可再生能源制氢技术应用现状与发展趋势研究

Research on the Current Application Status and Development Trends of Hydrogen Production Technologies Based on Renewable Energy

摘要

可再生能源制氢是实现能源深度脱碳的重要技术途径，正处在从试点示范向规模化应用转变的关键时期。本文对可再生能源制氢的技术路线及应用现状实行了整合，分析了产业发展所遇到的主要问题以及突破途径。但是由于电-氢耦合难题造成的成本困境，还是是制约产业化的首要瓶颈。绿氢成本高企的原因是风光发电的波动性、电解槽低利用率、化工生产连续性之间的结构性矛盾，而不是设备或者电价问题。本文认为，可再生能源制氢产业正处在成本拐点前夜，规模化发展不只不能只靠技术不断进步，也不能只靠政策机制创新及全链条协同改良。

Abstract

Renewable energy-based hydrogen production is a crucial technological pathway to achieving deep decarbonization of energy, currently at a critical stage of transitioning from pilot demonstrations to large-scale applications. This paper integrates the technical routes and current applications of renewable energy-based hydrogen production, analyzing the main challenges in industrial development and potential breakthroughs. However, the cost dilemma caused by the electro-hydrogen coupling challenge remains the primary bottleneck hindering industrialization. The high cost of green hydrogen stems from structural conflicts between the intermittency of wind and solar power, low electrolyzer utilization rates, and the continuity requirements of chemical production, rather than equipment or electricity price issues. The paper argues that the renewable energy-based hydrogen production industry is on the verge of a cost inflection point, and its large-scale development cannot rely solely on technological advancements, nor can it depend solely on policy mechanism innovations or comprehensive chain improvements.

关键词

可再生能源制氢 / 电解水制氢 / 电氢耦合 / 柔性制氢 / 绿氢经济性

Key words

renewable energy hydrogen production / water electrolysis hydrogen production / electro-hydrogen coupling / flexible hydrogen production / green hydrogen economics

参考文献

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