建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价现存问题及优化对策研究

Research on Existing Problems and Optimization Counter-measures of Occupational Disease Hazard Control Effect Evaluation in Construction Projects

摘要

职业病危害控制效果评价（以下简称控评）是落实建设项目职业病防护设施“三同时”制度的法定收尾环节，依托项目试运行现场检测数据，核验防护设施建设、管理制度落地与危害管控成效，是项目竣工验收、投产的前置技术要件。当前采矿、化工、冶金、建材等高风险行业新建改扩建项目持续增多，控评市场规模不断扩大，但受建设单位管理、第三方技术服务、行政监管等因素影响，全流程存在资料混乱、检测失真、分级不合理、报告同质化、整改闭环失效等问题。本文结合四大行业控评实操与评审经验，分阶段梳理现存问题，从企业、机构、人员、监管四方面剖析成因，结合现行法规国标提出优化措施，可为技术机构规范执业、监管部门执法、建设单位落实主体责任提供专业参考，从源头防控职业病新增隐患。

Abstract

The evaluation of the effectiveness of occupational disease hazard control (hereinafter referred to as control evaluation) is a statutory final step in implementing the "three simultaneities" system for occupational disease prevention facilities in construction projects. Based on the on-site testing data of project trial operation, it verifies the construction of protective facilities, the implementation of management systems, and the effectiveness of hazard control. It is a prerequisite technical requirement for project completion acceptance and production. The number of new construction, renovation, and expansion projects in high-risk industries such as mining, chemical, metallurgical, and building materials continues to increase, and the size of the control and evaluation market continues to expand. However, due to factors such as construction unit management, third-party technical services, and administrative supervision, the entire process is plagued by problems such as data confusion, distorted testing, unreasonable grading, homogenized reports, and ineffective rectification loops. This article combines the practical operation and evaluation experience of the four major industries to sort out the existing problems in stages, analyze the causes from the aspects of enterprises, institutions, personnel, and supervision, and propose optimization measures based on current regulations and national standards. It can provide professional references for technical institutions to standardize their practice, regulatory departments to enforce laws, and construction units to implement their main responsibilities, and prevent and control new hidden dangers of occupational diseases from the source.

关键词

控制效果评价 / 职业病危害 / 三同时 / 现场检测 / 风险分级 / 职业卫生监管

Key words

control effect evaluation / occupational disease hazards / three simultaneous / on site inspection / risk classification / occupational health supervision

参考文献

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