硅烯-二硫化锡复合材料表面锂/钠原子的吸附及迁移行为
卫诗倩 , 李佳妮 , 邱梅 , 李纤 , 陈茂霞 , 范强 , 唐凡 , 范未峰 , 胡育
高等学校化学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (08) : 95 -106.
硅烯-二硫化锡复合材料表面锂/钠原子的吸附及迁移行为
Lithium/Sodium Atoms Adsorption and Migration on Silicene-Tin Disulfide Composite
硅烯作为碱金属离子电池负极材料具有一定潜力, 然而受到sp2-sp3杂化的影响其结构稳定性较差且导电性不佳, 难以满足实际应用的要求. 与二硫化锡复合或硼掺杂可以解决上述问题, 但目前这两种改性方法对硅烯其它性能的影响尚不清楚, 不利于有效设计材料的原子结构. 考虑到碱金属原子吸附及迁移的难易程度是评价负极材料性能的重要因素, 本文基于第一性原理研究了硅烯与二硫化锡复合并引入硼元素对锂/钠原子吸附及迁移行为的影响. 根据吸附能可知, 锂/钠原子均能够稳定地吸附于材料表面, 这归因于二者之间的电荷转移促使了化学键的形成. 然而, 在不同基底材料表面上成键情况存在差异, 使得锂/钠原子吸附及迁移行为受到影响. 对于硅烯表面, 与二硫化锡复合可以增强硅与锂/钠之间的成键作用, 导致吸附能和迁移能垒降低, 有利于促进锂/钠原子的吸附和迁移; 而硼元素的引入虽能够通过新键的形成进一步降低吸附能, 但会使迁移能垒升高. 对于二硫化锡表面, 两种材料的复合或在其中引入硼元素对锂/钠原子的成键情况影响较小, 迁移能垒无明显变化. 以上结果说明硅烯和二硫化锡的复合材料性能最佳, 在硅烯表面上锂/钠原子的吸附和迁移更加容易, 且二硫化锡面在增强对锂/钠原子吸附作用的同时较好地维持了它们的迁移能力.
Silicene as a cathode material is promising for alkali metal atomic batteries. However, pure silicene could hardly meet the requirements of practical applications owing to the poor structure stability and conductivity which are related with the sp2-sp3 hybridization. It has been reported that the silicene and tin disulfide recombination and boron doping could solve above problems, but the effects of these two modification methods on other properties of silicene are still unclear, which is not conducive to effectively designing the atomic structure of the material. Considering the difficulty of alkali metal atom adsorption and migration is an important factor in evaluating the performance of negative electrode materials, the effects of the composites of silicene and tin disulfide and further introduction of boron on the adsorption and migration of lithium/sodium atoms were studied in this work based on the first principles. The calculated negative adsorption energies implied that lithium/sodium atoms can be stably adsorbed on the surfaces of different materials. It is attributed to the charge transfers between lithium/sodium atoms and substrates that promotes the formation of chemical bonds. However, these formed chemical bonds were different, which had an effect on the adsorption and migration of lithium/sodium atoms. For the surface of silicene, composite with tin disulfide can enhance the bonding between silicon and lithium/sodium, leading to a decrease in adsorption and migration energy barriers, which is beneficial for promoting the adsorption and migration of lithium/sodium atoms. The introduction of boron was able to further reduce adsorption energy through the formation of new bonds, while the migration energy barrier was undesirably increased. For the surface of tin disulfide, the composite of the two materials or the introduction of boron element had negligible effect on the bonding of lithium/sodium atoms, and there were no significant change in the migration energy barrier. Therefore, the composite material of silicene and tin disulfide was the best. The adsorption and migration of lithium/sodium atoms were easier on the silicene surface, and the tin disulfide surface enhanced the adsorption of lithium/sodium atoms and maintained their migration ability at the same time. It is expected that this work could gain an insight into the effect of different modification methods on the adsorption and migration behavior of alkali metal atoms and provide theoretical basis for designing effective electrode materials.
硅烯 / 二硫化锡 / 电极材料 / 碱金属原子吸附 / 第一性原理
Silicene / Tin disulfide / Electrode material / Alkali metal atomic adsorption / First principle
支持信息见http: //www.cjcu.jlu.edu.cn/CN/10.7503/cjcu20250054.
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