花状聚苯胺微纳结构的制备与电化学性能
张禹 , 陈龙 , 陈奥 , 盛全康 , 王传贵 , 胡思泉 , 陈韶云 , 胡成龙
高等学校化学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (03) : 118 -126.
花状聚苯胺微纳结构的制备与电化学性能
Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Flower-like Polyaniline Micro-nano Structure
微纳结构电极具有高比表面积、 可调控的形貌和独特的尺寸依赖性, 可以在充放电过程中提供有效的活性反应位点、 改善电荷传输和存储, 从而在超级电容器中实现高效的电化学性能. 本文将苯胺单体溶解于弱酸性对甲苯磺酸/乙二醇/水混合溶剂中, 在冰水浴中通过苯胺单体氧化聚合制得低聚物片状模板; 然后将低聚物模板分散到溶有苯胺单体的硫酸水溶液中, 以过硫酸铵作为水溶性引发剂进一步引发聚合反应, 制备了具有纳米层级结构的花状聚苯胺(Polyaniline, PANI). 以导电碳布(CC)作为支撑基底, 将花状PANI用作超级电容器的电极材料, 对其电化学性能进行了研究. 结果表明, 在1 A/g的电流密度下, 花状PANI微纳结构电极的比电容值约为433 F/g; 当电流密度从1 A/g增加到10 A/g时, 比电容值降低了46.8%; 当电流密度为10 A/g时, 充放电循环2000次后的比电容损失率为48.5%. 用花状PANI制备的对称性PANI/CC||滤纸||PANI/CC全固态柔性超级电容器在550 W/kg功率密度下的最大能量密度约为20.65 Wh/kg.
Micro-nano structured electrodes have high specific surface area, controllable morphology and unique size-dependent characteristics, which can provide effective active reaction sites, and improve charge transfer and storage during charge/discharge process, thereby achieving high electrochemical performance in supercapacitors. In this paper, the aniline monomer was dissolved in a weakly acidic p-toluenesulfonic acid/ethylene glycol water mixed solvent, and the aniline monomer was oxidized and polymerized into a oligomer nanosheet template in an ice water bath. And then, the oligomer template was dispersed into the sulfuric acid aqueous solution containing aniline monomer, and ammonium persulfate was used as a water-soluble initiator to further initiate the polymerization reaction, then the flower-like polyaniline(PANI) with nano-hierarchical structure was successfully prepared. Using conductive carbon cloth as the supporting substrate, flower-like PANI was prepared for electrode materials in supercapacitors, and its electrochemical properties were studied. The experimental results showed that the specific capacitance of the flower-like PANI micro-nano structure electrode was about 433 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The specific capacitance was only decreased by 46.8% when the current density increased from 1 A/g to 10 A /g. The specific capacitance loss was only 48.5% after 2000 charge-discharge cycles at 10 A/g. The single device prepared with flower-like PANI had a maximum energy density of approximately 20.65 Wh/kg at a power density of 550 W/kg.
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教育部可持续化学工程与技术学科创新引智基地项目(D25004)
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