生物质基多孔炭材料的制备及对水溶液中苯酚的吸附性能
赵文钰 , 徐晴 , 孟繁雨 , 孙晓云 , 肇啓多 , 张文祥 , 袁晓玲
高等学校化学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (03) : 109 -117.
生物质基多孔炭材料的制备及对水溶液中苯酚的吸附性能
Constructing Biomass-based Hierarchical Porous Carbon Materials Applied for Adsorption Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution
以玉米秸秆为原料、 氯化锌为活化剂, 采用热活化法制备了一系列生物质基多孔炭材料(ZBCs), 并结合多种表征技术对材料的结构、 孔性及表面官能团性质进行了研究. 结果表明, 在热活化过程中引入少量氯化锌可有效促进多级孔道和表面含氧基团的形成, 使ZBCs材料具有发达的孔隙结构(包括微孔、 介孔和大孔)、 高比表面积(712.1~1667.5 m2/g)和丰富的羧基、 羟基、 羰基等官能团(氧含量5.7%~9.0%, 摩尔分数). 吸附实验结果表明, 所有ZBCs材料均对水溶液中苯酚表现出良好的吸附性能, 其中ZBC2在25 ℃、 pH=7时, 对苯酚的最大吸附量可达191.2 mg/g, 且经5次循环使用后吸附量依然保持在初始吸附量的60%以上; 吸附剂对苯酚的吸附行为遵循Langmuir等温吸附模型、 Temkin吸附等温模型和准二级动力学模型, 是以单层化学吸附为主导的自发吸热过程. 此外, ZBC2还具有良好的酸碱适应能力, 在很宽的pH值(3~11)范围内均表现出良好的吸附能力. ZBCs材料具有的高比表面积、 丰富的多级孔道结构有利于水中污染物苯酚的传输, 表面大量的含氧官能团则可与苯酚形成氢键、 静电吸附及π-π键等相互作用, 继而显著改善了对苯酚的吸附性能.
Biomass-based hierarchical porous carbon materials(ZBCs) were constructed by carbonizing corn straw in the presence of a zinc chloride activator. The structure, porosity and surface functional group properties of the ZBCs materials were studied by various characterization techniques. Introducing a small amount of zinc chloride during the thermal activation process can effectively promote the formation of abundant hierarchical pores(including micropores, mesopores and macropores), high specific surface areas(712.1—1667.5 m2/g), and enriched surface oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups(oxygen contents of atomic ratio 5.7%—9.0%). The adsorption experimental results show that all ZBCs materials possess strong adsorption capacity for removing phenol from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of ZBC2 for phenol can reach 191.2 mg/g at pH=7 and 25 ℃, and the adsorption performance still remains above 60% of the initial adsorption capacity after five adsorption/desorption cycles. The adsorption behavior of the ZBC2 for phenol follows the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, the Temkin isothermal model and the quasi-second-order kinetic model, and that is a spontaneous endothermic process dominated by monolayer chemical adsorption. Moreover, ZBC2 could work well in aqueous solution within a broad pH range from 3 to 11. The high specific surface area and abundant hierarchical pores of ZBCs materials are conducive to the mass transfer and diffusion of phenol molecules, while the enriched surface oxygen-containing functional groups could promote the adsorption of phenol on the surface and porous channels of ZBCs through generating hydrogen bonds, electrostatic adsorption, and π-π bonds interactions.
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