水的参与对不同路易斯酸碱对络合作用的影响
Interaction of Water to the Complexation of Lewis Acids and Bases
以三(五氟苯基)硼烷(BCF)为路易斯酸, 结合11B/19F NMR光谱分析与理论计算, 研究了11种取代胺在不同比例水存在下与 BCF的配位及相互转化规律, 并探讨了这些体系与苯基硅烷反应时的活性特征. 结果表明, 胺/ BCF/H2O体系主要以B—N配位、 羟基硼铵盐B—OH及三组分氢键络合“LB…H—(H)O…LA”3种配位形式存在. 当体系中H2O的比例达到或超过BCF时, 配位平衡明显向三组分的含水态转移, 这一转变显著改变了反应底物的质子化及硅烷还原活性, 进而决定与PhSiH3的活化路径. 研究结果不仅为阐明含水条件下硼烷参与反应的机理提供了实验证据, 也为在含水环境中设计与拓展受限路易斯酸-碱对(FLPs)化学催化体系提供了理论与应用指导.
This work systematically investigates the coordination and interconversion behaviors of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane(BCF) with eleven substituted amines in the presence of varying amounts of water, employing 11B/19F-NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The catalytic activity of these systems in reactions with phenylsilane was further explored. The results indicate that the amine/BCF/H2O systems primarily exist in three coordination modes: B—N coordination, boronium hydroxide(B—OH) species, and a three-component hydrogen-bonded complex of the type “LB···H—(H)O···LA”. When the molar ratio of H2O reaches or exceeds that of BCF, the coordination equilibrium shifts significantly toward the hydrated three-component form. This shift markedly alters the protonation capability of the substrates and their reactivity in silane reduction, thereby determining the activation pathway with PhSiH3. This study not only provides experimental evidence to elucidate the reaction mechanisms of boranes under aqueous conditions but also offers theoretical and practical guidance for designing and expanding Frustrated Lewis Pairs(FLPs) catalytic systems in aqueous environments.
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