等离子体活化水化学产物特性调控策略: 电源极性的源头影响效应
刘坤 , 叶高杰 , 任泰林 , 方浩
高等学校化学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (06) : 148 -159.
等离子体活化水化学产物特性调控策略: 电源极性的源头影响效应
Regulation Strategy for the Chemical Composition of Plasma-activated Water: the Fundamental Influence of Power-supply Polarity
等离子体活化水(Plasma-activated water, PAW)的性能受液相中反应性物种组成及其协同作用影响显著, 而放电极性可在源头上调控能量注入方式及反应路径. 本文基于气液两相介质阻挡放电(DBD)体系, 在相同外加电压条件下比较了正、 负脉冲极性对PAW电学行为、 化学组成及灭菌性能的影响. 结果表明, 负脉冲放电的平均功率仅约为正脉冲的1/3, 但其制备的PAW在灭菌能力与能量利用效率方面均表现更优, 在14 kV条件下其单位对数减少值的能耗(EEO)值为17.2 kW·h·m-3·order-¹, 相比于正脉冲PAW(84.3 kW·h·m-3·order-¹)降低约79.1%. 通过荧光探针与定量分析发现, 两种极性条件下活性氧物种(ROS)生成量的差异较小(负脉冲仅低于正脉冲约6.7%), 而负脉冲条件下活性氮物种(RNS)浓度提高约12%. 进一步的机理分析表明, 富集的RNS通过促进亚硝酸根(NO)与双氧水(H2O2)耦合反应显著增强ONOOH的生成动力学, 从而在较低能量输入下实现更强的灭菌能力和更优的能量效率. 该差异归因于负脉冲较低的能量输入降低了气液界面水汽化程度, 提升了电子与氮分子(N2)的碰撞概率, 同时增强了负离子生成及液相溶解. 本研究为通过放电极性实现液相反应路径定向调控, 构建高能效PAW体系提供了新的物理化学依据与方法学思路.
The performance of plasma-activated water(PAW) is strongly governed by the composition of reactive species in the liquid phase and their synergistic interactions, while the discharge polarity plays a decisive role in regulating energy injection modes and reaction pathways at the source level. In this work, a gas-liquid two-phase dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) system was employed to systematically compare the effects of positive and negative pulsed polarities on the electrical characteristics, chemical composition, and sterilization performance of PAW under identical applied voltages. The results show that the average power of negative-pulsed discharge is only approximately one-third of that of positive-pulsed discharge; nevertheless, the PAW produced under negative polarity exhibits superior sterilization capability and higher energy efficiency. At an applied voltage of 14 kV, the EEO value of negative-pulsed PAW reaches 17.2 kW·h·m-³·order-¹, which is markedly lower than that of positive-pulsed PAW (84.3 kW·h·m-³·order-¹). Fluorescence probe and quantitative analyses reveal that the difference in reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation between the two polarities is minimal, with the negative polarity showing only about 6.7% lower levels, whereas the concentration of reactive nitrogen species(RNS) under negative polarity is increased by approximately 12%. Further mechanistic analysis demonstrates that the enriched RNS significantly enhance the generation kinetics of ONOOH by promoting the coupled reaction between nitrite(NO) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), thereby achieving stronger sterilization performance and higher energy efficiency under lower energy input. This disparity is attributed to the lower energy input of the negative pulse, which suppresses the water vaporization at the gas-liquid interface, consequently enhancing the probability of electron collisions with N2 and promoting the generation and liquid-phase dissolution of negative ions. This study provides new physicochemical insights and methodological strategies for directing liquid-phase reaction pathways via discharge polarity and constructing highly energy-efficient PAW systems.
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国家自然科学基金(52377134)
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