基于线性与非线性频响特性的质子交换膜水电解单池失效诊断

Single-cell Failure Diagnosis of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Based on Linear and Nonlinear Frequency Response Characteristics

摘要

质子交换膜水电解（PEMWE）电堆运行中常见计量偏差与压力异常， 失效的在线诊断与适配性调控是保障其稳定运行的关键. 本文结合电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和总谐波失真（THD）谱技术， 开展面向两类失效模式区分的PEMWE单池线性-非线性频率响应的理论模拟及实验研究. 结果表明, 高给水计量与系统失压均导致电解单池的活性降低、 全频域EIS 模值增加； 但两者的THD 谱却呈现清晰可辨的频响差异， 前者在0.1~100 Hz频段使THD升高， 后者在0.05~1 Hz低频区使THD降低. THD谱在特征频段呈现相反变化趋势， 使其能够区别于电压巡检和EIS， 实现对计量偏差与压力异常失效的区分.

Abstract

During the operation of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis（PEMWE） stacks， common issues such as metering deviations and pressure abnormalities make the online diagnosis of failures and adaptive control crucial for ensuring stable performance. This study integrates electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） and total harmonic distortion（THD） analysis to conduct both theoretical simulations and experimental investigations of linear and nonlinear frequency responses in PEMWE single cells， aimed at distinguishing between two types of failure modes. The results indicate that both high feedwater flow and system pressure loss lead to a reduction in the activity of the electrolyzer single cell and an increase in the EIS magnitude across the full frequency range. However， the THD spectra exhibit distinct and discernible frequency-dependent responses： high feedwater flow elevates THD in the 0.1—100 Hz range， whereas pressure loss reduces THD in the low-frequency range of 0.05—1 Hz. The THD spectrum exhibits opposite trends in the characteristic frequency bands， enabling it to differentiate flow-rate deviations from pressure-related failures， in contrast to voltage monitoring and EIS.

关键词

电化学阻抗谱 / 总谐波失真 / 质子交换膜水电解 / 失效诊断

Key words

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy / Total harmonic distortion / Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis / Fault diagnosis

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基金资助

国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目(5211DS24000C)