磁性金属氧化物的新视角：非晶化的挑战

New Perspective on Magnetic Metal Oxides: the Challenges of Amorphization

摘要

非晶金属氧化物因其长程无序而短程有序的结构特征，在磁性研究中展现出区别于晶态体系的独特物理行为。本文综合评述了非晶金属氧化物的结构特点、主要磁性类型及其物理机制，并重点讨论了超顺磁、自旋玻璃、簇玻璃及随机交换磁态等典型磁行为的起源及其内在联系。同时，总结了熔融急冷、溶胶-凝胶、模板法及机械非晶化等主要制备方法，分析了不同制备策略对材料结构与性能的影响，旨在为理解非晶金属氧化物中结构无序与磁性之间的关系提供参考。

Abstract

Amorphous metal oxides (AMOs), characterized by long-range disorder and short-range order, exhibit distinct magnetic behaviors compared to crystalline materials. This review provides an overview of their structural characteristics, magnetism, and underlying mechanisms, with emphasis on typical phenomena such as superparamagnetism, spin glass, cluster glass and random exchange magnetic states, as well as their intrinsic correlations. Representative synthesis strategies, including melt-quenching, sol-gel, template, and mechanical amorphization, are also summarized. And their impacts on structure and properties are discussed. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between structural disorder and magnetism in AMOs.

关键词

非晶金属氧化物 / 局域结构 / 磁性 / 制备方法

Key words

Amorphous metal oxide / Local structure / Magnetism / Synthesis method

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(22371014)