By incorporating both the age structure of the susceptible population and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in environment, we construct a two-stage dynamical model of tuberculosis transmission and systematically analyze its stability. A preset target control strategy is further developed. First, we derive an explicit expression for the basic reproduction number and prove the globally asymptotic stability of both the disease-free and endemic equilibria using Lyapunov theory. Next, we formulate and solve a preset-target control problem that treats vaccination and the DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course) strategy as control variables. Numerical simulations show that the combined implementation of vaccination and DOTS can maintain the number of active TB cases below the preset target and yields a significantly higher infection-avoidance rate than either measure used alone, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing tuberculosis prevention and control strategies.
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