粉煤灰基土壤调理剂对盐碱地土壤-作物系统的影响评估
田生昌 , 左忠 , 徐龙 , 周小平 , 杨慧 , 程嘉庆 , 王建花 , 张敏
宁夏大学学报(自然科学版中英文) ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4) : 326 -337.
粉煤灰基土壤调理剂对盐碱地土壤-作物系统的影响评估
Assessment of the Effects of Fly Ash-Based Soil Conditioners on Saline-Alkali Soil-Crop Systems
为研究粉煤灰基土壤调理剂改良盐碱地的效果,实现废弃物粉煤灰的大宗消纳,分别在水稻地、玉米地施用粉煤灰基土壤调理剂,并以未施用地为对照实验,在施用前后分别取0~20,>20~40 cm耕层土壤,检测土壤中盐、有机质的质量含量,土壤pH值等指标;当年秋季收获后计算水稻和玉米的产量,评价粉煤灰基土壤调理剂的改良效果。结果表明,在水稻地、玉米地施用粉煤灰基土壤调理剂,秋季0~20,>20~40 cm土壤中盐的质量含量较对照组显著降低(P<0.05),而土壤pH值、有机质的质量含量变化不大,水解氮的质量含量减少,有效磷和速效钾的质量含量增加,但均不显著;水稻地、玉米地0~20 cm耕层土壤中盐的质量含量分别降低29.65%~48.14%(P<0.05),70.34%~89.59%(P<0.05);水稻地、玉米地>20~40, >40~60 cm耕层土壤中盐的质量含量均降低,但降低幅度较小;水稻穗粒数、结实粒均增加,千粒质量增加0.78 g,产量增加53.70 kg/667 m2,增产12.80%,达到473.70 kg/667 m2(P <0.05);青贮玉米成苗率、收获株数均增加25.00%,单株鲜质量增加1.47%,产量增加0.20 t/667 m2,增产8.37%,达到2.59 t/667 m2,但产量差异不具有统计学意义。施用粉煤灰基土壤调理剂,能够改良盐碱土壤,使作物增产,具有推广利用价值。
In order to investigate the effectiveness of fly ash-based soil conditioners in improving saline-alkali land, and to achieve large-scale utilization of the waste material fly ash, fly ash-based soil conditioners were applied in rice and maize fields, with untreated fields as controls. Soil samples were collected from the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers before and after application to measure indicators such as soil salinity, organic matter content, and soil pH. At the time of autumn harvest, the yields of rice and maize were calculated to evaluate the improvement effect of the fly ash-based soil conditioners. The results showed that the application of fly ash-based soil conditioners in both rice and maize fields significantly reduced the salt content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers in autumn compared to the control (P<0.05), while changes in soil pH and organic matter content were minimal. The content of hydrolyzed nitrogen decreased, and the contents of available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium increased, although these changes were not significant. The salt content in the 0-20 cm soil layer of rice and maize fields decreased by 29.65% to 48.14% (P<0.05) and 70.34% to 89.59% (P<0.05), respectively. The salt content in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers also decreased, but the reduction was smaller. The number of grains per rice panicle and the number of filled grains increased, with a thousand-grain weight increase of 0.78 g, resulting in a yield increase of 53.70 kg/667 m2, which is a 12.80% increase, reaching 473.70 kg/667 m2 (P<0.05). The seedling emergence rate and the number of harvested corn plants both increased by 25.00%, with a single plant fresh weight increase of 1.47%, leading to a yield increase of 0.20 t/667 m2, an 8.37% increase, reaching 2.59 t/667 m2, although the yield difference was not significant. The application of fly ash-based soil conditioners can improve saline-alkali soils and increase crop yields, demonstrating its potential for widespread application.
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宁夏回族自治区重大科技成果转化项目(2023CJE09053)
宁夏回族自治区“十四五”重点研发项目(2024BBF02007)
“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900605)
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