1.Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
2.Yellow River Laboratory, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
3.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
4.Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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文章历史+
Received
Accepted
Published
2024-09-02
2025-05-06
2026-05-25
Issue Date
2026-08-25
PDF (7378K)
摘要
在全球气候变化背景下,快速精确评估人工林碳汇功能对实现“双碳”目标具有重要战略意义。针对传统森林碳储量估算效率低下、成本高等问题,本研究以太原市东山森林公园的侧柏(Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco)人工林为研究对象,采用无人机激光雷达(UAV-LiDAR)遥感技术,比较分水岭算法和点云距离聚类算法在单木分割和参数提取方面的性能,并利用激光雷达参数建立碳储量估算模型,估算研究区侧柏地上部分的碳储量及碳密度。研究结果表明:分辨率为0.3 m冠层高度模型、距离阈值为平均冠幅半径时,单木分割效果最佳,调和值(F)均大于90%;两种算法提取的树高(H)和冠幅半径(RC)的R²分别大于0.83和0.75。依据模型计算的生物量与传统人工调查方法得到的生物量之间具有最高相关性,方差解释量达到0.966,表明该模型可有效估算研究区地上生物量。据此计算得到该区域侧柏纯林的地上部分平均碳密度储量为18.582 t/hm2。综上,融合点云分割算法和多维度特征建模的技术框架,为无人机遥感监测人工林碳汇提供了新方法,并为同类生态工程效益评估与经营决策提供一定理论依据。
Abstract
Under the global climate change context, the rapid and accurate assessment of carbon sequestration function in artificial forests holds significant strategic importance for achieving the "Dual Carbon" goals. Addressing the inefficiency and high costs of traditional forest carbon storage estimation methods, this study focuses on the Platycladus orientalis plantation in Taiyuan's Dongshan forest park. By utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle light detection and ranging (UAV-LiDAR) remote sensing technology, we compared the performance of the watershed algorithm and point cloud distance clustering algorithm in individual tree segmentation and parameter extraction, and established a carbon storage estimation model using LiDAR-derived parameters to quantify above-ground carbon storage and density. The results demonstrated that optimal individual tree segmentation (F-scores >90%) was achieved using a 0.3 m resolution canopy height model with distance thresholds set to average canopy radius. The extracted tree height (H) and canopy radius (RC) parameters showed strong correlations (R2>0.83 and R2>0.75, respectively). The biomass model exhibited the highest correlation with traditional manual survey results (explained variance: 0.966), effectively estimating above-ground biomass. The calculated average above-ground carbon density reached 18.582 t/hm2 in the study area. This integrated framework combining point cloud segmentation algorithms with multi-dimensional feature modeling provides a novel approach for UAV-based monitoring of plantation carbon sinks and offers theoretical support for ecological project evaluation and management decisions.
根据政府间气候变化委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)第六次评估报告显示,以气候变暖为主要特征的气候变化是当前人类生存发展所面临的最大威胁之一[1]。世界气象组织发布的《2023年全球气候状况》报告中同样指出,海平面高度、全球温室气体浓度和冰川融化速率等关键气候指标都达到历史新高[2-3]。面对频繁的极端气候事件,减缓气候变化速率是世界各国都应有的责任和义务[4-6]。
激光雷达(Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)技术正是满足这一需求的潜在解决方案。相较于传统遥感,LiDAR能主动发射激光脉冲,具有受天气影响小、精度高、生产周期短[20]、穿透能力强[21]、探测范围广[22]等优点,近年来被广泛应用于电力建设、地形测绘等诸多领域。在森林资源清查中,搭载激光雷达传感器的无人机克服了样地调查的不足,可以避免对研究区植被产生破坏,快速准确获取地物的三维信息,进行多尺度的森林信息测量[23-25]。此外,基于该技术的自动算法,还能提取单木位置、树高(Height,H)和冠幅(Canopy radius,Rc)等结构参数[16]。这些参数不仅为森林生物量的反演和森林三维模型的构建提供技术支撑[26-27],更能为人工干预措施(如生态修复区的森林经营)提升碳储量提供科学依据。
山西省太原市为推进绿色低碳循环发展,实施了一系列生态修复工程,包括汾河综合治理、退耕还林[28]以及东、西山生态环境综合整治[29]。其中,适应性强、耐贫瘠的侧柏(Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco)作为主要造林树种之一,已在城郊森林公园大面积种植,显著改善了区域景观生态。然而,目前尚缺乏对侧柏人工林固碳效益的深入研究,难以全面评估该森林的环境价值。同时,该树种生物量和固碳量的计算仍然依赖于传统森林样方调查,例如,王宁等[30]基于解析木工作获取的树木胸径、总长和鲜重数据分析了山西省主要森林类型中不同树种器官的碳含量差异。刘臻等[31]通过调查树高(H)和胸径(Diameter at breast height,D)数据,利用现有的异速生长方程,计算了山西省吉县侧柏的生物量。因此,在该地区探索利用激光雷达手段获取侧柏生物量和固碳量具有重要意义。
针对上述问题,本文主要借助无人机激光雷达(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Light Detection and Ranging,UAV-LiDAR)技术高效快捷地获取林分结构参数,并创新性地利用树高(H)和冠幅(RC)数据构建异速生长方程,旨在减轻野外实测工作量,实现无人机遥感对研究区森林生物量、碳储量的更高效估算。主要研究内容包括:(1)基于分水岭算法和点云距离聚类算法对UAV-LiDAR点云数据进行单木分割,得到林分结构参数;(2)构建研究区侧柏的异速生长方程,并完成研究区碳储量和碳密度的估算,客观反映研究区侧柏人工林的固碳潜力,以便制定更好的森林经营管理政策。
通过分析两种算法在不同条件下的分割效率后,选定最优分割方法并提取单木参数。将野外实地测量的100棵侧柏数据与两种分割算法提取到的对应单木的H和RC数据分别进行线性回归分析,以对单木参数进行精度验证。通过计算拟合优度指标中的决定系数(Adjusted coefficient of determination,R2)和均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)进行精度评价。
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