纳米技术在前列腺癌中的应用进展

Progress in the application of nanotechnology in prostate cancer

摘要

前列腺癌位居男性恶性肿瘤发病率第2位，是严重威胁男性健康的重大疾病，存在早期诊断困难、治疗耐药性及转移风险高等问题。纳米材料具备良好的表面修饰能力，优异的生物相容性以及独特的物理化学性质，在肿瘤生物标志物开发、精准靶向递送、多模态成像引导治疗等方面展现出巨大的应用潜力。文章系统梳理了纳米材料在前列腺癌治疗领域的前沿进展，深入分析当前研究现状，并探讨临床转化过程中所面临的挑战。首先介绍了纳米技术在医学诊断和治疗中的作用机制，随后归纳了纳米材料在新型生物标志物研究、多模态成像等方面的应用，重点总结了纳米材料在化学治疗、免疫治疗、多模态诊疗一体化、新型治疗方式（声动力/光热）、放射治疗增敏方面的应用研究与潜在优势。为前列腺癌的早期筛查、精准治疗、疗效评估及长期监测等临床难题提供了全新视角和解决方案。

Abstract

Prostate cancer ranks second in the incidence rate of male malignant tumors and is a major disease that seriously threatens the health of men. There are difficulties in early diagnosis, treatment resistance, and a high risk of metastasis. Nanomaterials have excellent surface modification ability, excellent biocompatibility, and unique physical and chemical properties, showing great potential in the development of tumor biomarkers, precise targeted delivery, and multimodal imaging-guided therapy. This article systematically reviews the cutting-edge progress of nanomaterials in the field of prostate cancer treatment, deeply analyzes the current research status, and explores the challenges faced in the clinical translation process. Firstly, the mechanism of nanotechnology in medical diagnosis and treatment was introduced. Then, the applications of nanomaterials in new biomarker research, multimodal imaging, etc. were summarized, with a focus on the research and potential advantages of nanomaterials in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, multimodal diagnosis and treatment integration, new treatment methods (sonodynamics/photothermal), and radiotherapy sensitization. This provides a new perspective and solution for clinical challenges such as early screening, precise treatment, efficacy evaluation, and long-term monitoring of prostate cancer.

关键词

前列腺癌 / 纳米材料 / 纳米技术

Key words

Prostate cancer / Nanomaterials / Nanotechnology

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基金资助

山西省基础研究计划项目(202403021222454)