Using the land use transfer matrix and the InVEST model, this study analyzed the characteristics of land use change in the upper Jinsha River valley from 1990 to 2023. Evaluating ecosystem service values (ESV) includes water yield, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality, and further explores the impacts of land use change on ESV. Results are shown as follows.1)During the period of 1990-2023, the grassland was mainly converted to and from forest land and cropland, with both forest land and grassland showing a decreasing trend. Water bodies were mainly converted from grassland, forest land, and cropland, and partly transformed into tidal flats and shoals, resulting in decrease in area.2)Forest land contributed the most to water yield, accounting for more than 33.08% of the total, showing a fluctuating pattern with three peaks and two troughs; shrubland ranked second with a contribution rate of 19.84% and relatively small fluctuations. Grassland accounted for the largest share of soil conservation, exceeding 42.20% of the total, followed by forest land at 27.38%. Soil conservation of various land use types exhibited a fluctuating trend with three peaks and three troughs, showing an overall decreasing tendency. Forest land had the largest carbon storage, accounting for 40.16%, followed by grassland at 27.46%, forming the most important regional carbon sink. Carbon sequestration capacity showed a rapid decline in the early stage followed by a slight increase. The mean habitat quality index remained above 0.83 with small fluctuations over time.3)From 1990 to 2023, the spatial distribution of ecosystem service values showed significant heterogeneity. The direction of land use conversion determined the changes in spatial heterogeneity, while the overall spatial differentiation pattern of ecosystem service values remained relatively stable.
金沙江上游河段地貌以高原、高山为主,水力资源极为丰富,是国家水电资源重点开发聚集地,也是“西电东送”工程最重要的基地,经济发展和生态环境保护的战略地位十分重要[1-4].金沙江上游水电开发是长江经济带高质量发展的重大任务和战略部署.本研究拟在河流干流河谷尺度上对水电开发引起的土地利用类型变化进行分析,以生态系统服务和权衡综合评估模型(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs,InVEST)为工具对生态服务价值进行评估,并分析土地利用类型变化对生态服务价值的影响.本研究将有助于理解河谷地段尺度上土地利用变化引起的生态系统演化及其内在机理,揭示生态系统服务变化及其价值空间演变规律,为区域环境治理、环境规划提供支撑.
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