带组合非线性项的双波动方程耦合系统解的破裂

阎金芳 ,  明森 ,  韩伟

华中师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (3) : 485 -492.

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华中师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (3) : 485 -492. DOI: 10.19603/j.cnki.1000-1190.2026.03.013
偏微分方程研究

带组合非线性项的双波动方程耦合系统解的破裂

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Blow-up of solutions to a coupled system of double wave equations with combined nonlinearities

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摘要

本文研究了一类带组合非线性项与小初值的双波动方程耦合方程组的Cauchy问题解的破裂性态. 通过构造泛函,建立泛函的下界估计,运用迭代方法,在次临界情形得到解的破裂,进而建立解的生命跨度的上界估计.

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate blow-up dynamics of solutions to the small data Cauchy problem for a coupled system of double wave equations with combined nonlinearities. By establishing lower bound estimates of the constructed functionals and using iteration method, blow-up and upper bound lifespan estimate of solutions in the sub-critical case was deduced.

关键词

组合非线性项 / 双波动方程组 / 迭代方法 / 破裂 / 生命跨度估计

Key words

combined nonlinearities / coupled double wave equations / iteration approach / blow-up / lifespan estimate

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阎金芳,明森,韩伟. 带组合非线性项的双波动方程耦合系统解的破裂[J]. 华中师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 60(3): 485-492 DOI:10.19603/j.cnki.1000-1190.2026.03.013

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本文研究如下具有组合非线性项的双波动方程耦合方程组的Cauchy问题:
(t2-Δ)2u=v(t,x)p1+vt(t,x)q1,   (x,t)Rn×(0,T),(t2-Δ)2v=u(t,x)p2+ut(t,x)q2,   (x,t)Rn×(0,T),(u,ut,utt,uttt)(0,x)=ε(u0(x),u1(x),u2(x),u3(x)),xRn,(v,vt,vtt,vttt)(0,x)=ε(v0(x),v1(x),v2(x),v3(x)), xRn,
其中,Δ=i=1n2xi2是Laplace算子,(t2-Δ)2u=utttt-2Δutt+Δ2up1p2q1q2均大1ε为任意给定的正常数. 记BR(0)={x||x|R}, R4. 设ui,viLloc1(Rn)(i=0,1,2,3)为具有紧支集的非负光滑函数,并且supp{ui,vi}BR(0),  i=0,1,2,3.
近来,非线性波动方程解的破裂性态和生命跨度的估计被广泛关注1-14. Han1研究了波动方程utt-Δu=|u| p的小初值问题,该方程具有Strauss指数pS(n). 当n=1时,pS(n)=. 当n2时,pS(n)是二次方程-(n-1)p2+(n+1)p+2=0的正根.Zhou2研究了具有导数型非线性项的波动方程utt-Δu=|ut| p的Cauchy问题,得到临界指数(即Glassey指数)pG(n)=(n+1)/(n-1). 当1<ppG(n)时,方程的解在有限时间内破裂. 当p>pG(n)时,方程存在唯一的整体解.Ouyang3研究了具有组合非线性项的双波动方程(t2-Δ)2u(t,x)=u(t,x)p+ut(t,x)q的初值问题,通过构造泛函和迭代方法,得到解会在有限时间破裂,并给出解的生命跨度上界估计.Ikeda等4研究了非线性波动方程t2u(x,t)-Δu(x,t)=G(u(x,t),tu(x,t))的小初值问题及其弱耦合系统,其中,非线性项包含解及其时间偏导数的多项式, 证明了解会在有限时间破裂以及生命跨度的上界估计. 文献[5-7]研究了经典波动方程的弱耦合方程组utt-Δu=|v| pvtt-Δv=|u| q,其中,非线性项指数对(p,q)的临界曲线满足max{(p+2+q-1)/(pq-1),(q+2+p-1)/(pq-1)}=(n-1)/2.文献[8]研究了带记忆项的波动方程utt-Δu=Nγ,p(u)的Cauchy问题,得到解具有临界指数p0(n,γ),并且给出解会在有限时间破裂的结果,当n=1时,p0(n,γ)=; 当n2时,p0(n,γ)是二次方程-(n-1)p2+(n-2γ+3)p+2=0的正根.其它相关研究见文献[9-14],而关于带组合非线性项的双波动方程耦合方程组解的破裂尚无研究结果.因此,本文拟利用迭代方法研究问题(1)解的破裂性态. 主要结果如下.
定理1p,q>1(n-1)q(p-1)-6(p-1)<8,且max{q1-1(3p1p2+4p1+1)/(p1p2-1),q2-1(3p1p2+4p2+1)/(p1p2-1)}>(n-1)/2. 设(u0,u1,u2,u3,v0,v1,v2,v3)(H3(Rn)×H2(Rn)×H1(Rn)×L2(Rn))2是非负光滑函数,且不恒为0,supp{ui,vi}BR(0)i=0,1,2,3. 假设
n(u3(x)+u2(x)-u1(x)-u0(x))Φ(x)dx0
n(v3(x)+v2(x)-v1(x)-v0(x))Φ(x)dx0
Rn(u3(x)-u1(x))Φ(x)dx0,Rn(v3(x)-v1(x))Φ(x)dx0,
其中,Φ(x)在下文中定义. 如果(u,v)是问题(1)的解,并且满足
supp{u,v}{(t,x)[0,T)×Rn||x|t+R}
那么存在正常数ε0=ε0(u0,u1,u2,u3,v0,v1,v2,v3,n,p1,p2,q1,q2,R),使得当ε(0,ε0]时,解(u,v)会在有限时间破裂,其生命跨度的上界估计为
T(ε)Cε-max{Y1(n,p1,p2,q1,q2),Y2(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)}-1
其中,正常数Cε无关,
Y1(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)=q1-1(3p1p2+4p1+1)/(p1p2-1)-(n-1)/2,
Y2(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)=q2-1(3p1p2+4p2+1)/(p1p2-1)-(n-1)/2.
定义1(u,v)是问题(1)的弱解,则
u,vC([0,T),H3(Rn))C1([0,T),H2(Rn))C2([0,T),H1(Rn))C3([0,T),L2(Rn))
uLlocq([0,T)×Rn)vLlocp([0,T)×Rn)
满足
Rnuttt(t,x)ϕ(t,x)dx-0tRnuttt(s,x)ϕt(s,x)dxds+20tRnutt(s,x)ϕ(s,x)dxds+0tRnu(s,x)Δ2ϕ(s,x)dxds=0tnv(s,x)p1ϕ(s,x)dxds+0tnvt(s,x)q1ϕ(s,x)dxds+Rnuttt(0,x)ϕ(0,x)dx,                     (2)
Rnvttt(t,x)φ(t,x)dx-0tRnvttt(s,x)φt(s,x)dxds+20tRnvtt(s,x)φ(s,x)dxds+0tRnv(s,x)Δ2φ(s,x)dxds=0tnu(s,x)p2φ(s,x)dxds+0tnut(s,x)q2φ(s,x)dxds+Rnvttt(0,x)φ(0,x)dx,                     (3)
其中,ϕ(t,x),φ(t,x)C0([0,T)×Rn),t[0,T). 利用分部积分计算得到
Rnuttt(t,x)ϕ(t,x)dx-Rnutt(t,x)ϕt(t,x)dx+Rnut(t,x)ϕtt(t,x)dx-Rnu(t,x)ϕttt(t,x)dx+0tRnu(s,x)ϕtttt(s,x)dxds-2Rnut(t,x)Δϕ(t,x)dx+2Rnu(t,x)Δϕt(t,x)dx-20tRnu(s,x)Δϕtt(s,x)dxds-0tRnΔu(s,x)ϕ(s,x)dxds=0tnv(s,x)p1ϕ(s,x)dxds+0tnvt(s,x)q1ϕ(s,x)dxds+εRnu3(x)ϕ(0,x)dx-εRnu2(x)ϕt(0,x)dx+εRnu1(x)ϕtt(0,x)dx-εRnu0(x)ϕttt(0,x)dx-2εRnu1(x)Δϕ(0,x)dx+2εRnu0(x)Δϕt(0,x)dx,
Rnvttt(t,x)φ(t,x)dx-Rnvtt(t,x)φt(t,x)dx+Rnvt(t,x)φtt(t,x)dx-Rnv(t,x)φttt(t,x)dx+0tRnv(s,x)φtttt(s,x)dxds-2Rnvt(t,x)Δφ(t,x)dx+2Rnv(t,x)Δφt(t,x)dx-20tRnv(s,x)Δφtt(s,x)dxds-0tRnΔv(s,x)φ(s,x)dxds=0tnu(s,x)p2φ(s,x)dxds+0tnut(s,x)q2φ(s,x)dxds+εRnv3(x)φ(0,x)dx-εRnv2(x)φt(0,x)dx+εRnv1(x)φtt(0,x)dx-εRnv0(x)φttt(0,x)dx-2εRnv1(x)Δφ(0,x)dx+2εRnv0(x)Δφt(0,x)dx.
注1 本文分别将文献[1-2]中研究的带幂次型非线性项|u| p的波动方程、带导数型非线性项|ut| p的波动方程推广为带组合非线性项的双波动方程耦合方程组情形. 将文献[3]中研究的带组合非线性项|u| p+|ut| q的单个双波动方程的初值问题推广为耦合方程组的初值问题(1),并且,组合非线性项中指数p1p2q1q2可取不同值. 将文献[5-7]中研究的经典波动方程弱耦合方程组utt-Δu=|v| pvtt-Δv=|u| q推广为带组合非线性项的双波动方程耦合方程组情形. 同时利用迭代方法,得到问题(1)解的生命跨度的上界估计. 此外,当问题(1)中p1=p2, q1=q2时,定理1的结果与文献[3]中结果一致.

1 定理 1 的证明

引入函数

Φ(x)=ex+e-x, n=1,Sn-1eωxdσω,n2,

其中,xRnΦ(x)是正光滑函数且具有如下性质:

ΔΦ=Φ(x),Φ(x)|x|-(n-1)/2ex (|x|).

Ψ=e-tΦ(x). 可知Ψ是方程(t2-Δ)2Ψ=0的解. 假设

U0(t)=Rnu(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx
V0(t)=Rnv(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx.

在式(2)~(3)中,令ϕ=φ=Ψ,可得

Rnuttt(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx-0tRnuttt(s,x)Ψt(s,x)dxds+20tRnutt(s,x)Ψ(s,x)dxds+0tRnu(s,x)Δ2Ψ(s,x)dxds=0tnv(s,x)p1Ψ(s,x)dxds+0tnvt(s,x)q1Ψ(s,x)dxds+Rnuttt(0,x)Ψ(0,x)dx,
Rnvttt(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx-0tRnvttt(s,x)Ψt(s,x)dxds+20tRnvtt(s,x)Ψ(s,x)dxds+0tRnv(s,x)Δ2Ψ(s,x)dxds=0tnu(s,x)p2Ψ(s,x)dxds+0tnut(s,x)q2Ψ(s,x)dxds+Rnvttt(0,x)Ψ(0,x)dx.

利用式(5)~(6),得到

Rnuttt(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx+Rnutt(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx-Rnut(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx-Rnu(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx=εI1+0tnv(s,x)p1Ψ(s,x)dxds+0tnvt(s,x)q1Ψ(s,x)dxds,
Rnvttt(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx+Rnvtt(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx-Rnvt(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx-Rnv(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx=εI2+0tnu(s,x)p2Ψ(s,x)dxds+0tnut(s,x)q2Ψ(s,x)dxds,

其中,

I1=n(u3(x)+ u2(x)-u1(x)-u0(x))Φ(x)dx,
I2=n(v3(x)+ v2(x)-v1(x)-v0(x))Φ(x)dx.

结合式(4)和式(7)~(8),可推出

U0''(t)+3U0'(t)+U0(t)-Rnu(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx=
εI1+0tRn(v(s,x)p1+vt(s,x)q1)Ψ(s,x)dxds,
V0''(t)+3V0'(t)+V0(t)-Rnv(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx=εI2+0tRn(u(s,x)p2+ut(s,x)q2)Ψ(s,x)dxds.

式(9)~(10)对t求导,则有

U0'''(t)+3U0''(t)+U0'(t)-U0(t)+Rnu(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx=n(v(t,x)p1+vt(t,x)q1)Ψ(s,x)dx,
V0'''(t)+3V0''(t)+V0'(t)-V0(t)+Rnv(t,x)Ψ(t,x)dx=n(u(t,x)p2+ut(t,x)q2)Ψ(s,x)dx.

由式(9)~(12),可得

U0'''(t)+4U0''(t)+4U0'(t)=εI1+0tRn(v(s,x)p1+vt(s,x)q1)Ψ(s,x)dxds+n(v(s,x)p1+vt(s,x)q1)Ψ(s,x)dx,
V0'''(t)+4V0''(t)+4V0'(t)=εI2+0tRn(u(s,x)p2+ut(s,x)q2)Ψ(s,x)dxds+n(u(s,x)p2+ut(s,x)q2)Ψ(s,x)dx.

F(t)=U0''(t)+2U0'(t)G(t)=V0''(t)+2V0'(t). 则有

F'(t)+2F(t)0,
G'(t)+2G(t)0.

对式(13)~(14)积分,可得

U0''(t)+2U0'(t)e-2tF(0),
V0''(t)+2V0'(t)e-2tG(0),

其中,

F(0)=U0''(0)+2U0'(0)=εRn(u3(x)-u1(x))Φ(x)dx,
G(0)=V0''(0)+2V0'(0)=εRn(v3(x)-v1(x))Φ(x)dx.

由式(15)~(16),对其关于时间变量t积分两次,可得

U0(t)U0(0)+0te-2sU0'(0)ds+0tse-2sF(0)ds(1-e-2t)ε/2nu2(x)Φ(x)dx+(1+e-2t)ε/2nu1(x)Φ(x)dx+0tse-2sF(0)dsC1ε,
V0(t)V0(0)+0te-2sV0'(0)ds+0tse-2sG(0)ds(1-e-2t)ε/2nv2(x)Φ(x)dx+(1+e-2t)ε/2nv1(x)Φ(x)dx+0tse-2sG(0)dsK1ε,

其中,C1,  K1>0. 设

U(t)=Rnu(t,x)dx,V(t)=Rnv(t,x)dx.

式(2)~(3)中选取ϕ=φ=1,结合{(s,x)(0,T]×Rn| |x|s+R},得到

Rnuttt(t,x)dx=0tRnv(s,x)p1dxds+0tRnvt(s,x)q1dxds+εRnu3(x)dx
Rnvttt(t,x)dx=0tRnu(s,x)p2dxds+0tRnut(s,x)q2dxds+εRnv3(x)dx.

根据式(19)~(21),可得

U'''(t)=U'''(0)+0tRnv(s,x)p1dxds+0tRnvt(s,x)q1dxds,
V'''(t)=V'''(0)+0tRnu(s,x)p2dxds+0tRnut(s,x)q2dxds.

对式(22)~(23)积分,则有

U(t)=U(0)+U'(0)t+12U''(0)t2+16U'''(0)t3+0t0s0τ0σRn(v(η,x)p1+vt(η,x)q1)dxdηdσdτds,
V(t)=V(0)+V'(0)t+12V''(0)t2+16V'''(0)t3+0t0s0τ0σRn(u(η,x)p2+ut(η,x)q2)dxdηdσdτds.

根据式(24)~(25),得到

U(t)0t0s0τ0σRnvt(η,x)q1dxdηdσdτds,
V(t)0t0s0τ0σRnut(η,x)q2dxdηdσdτds.

利用Ψ的渐近性,可知

BR+tΨ(t,x)p'dxk(R+t)(n-1)(1-p'/2)

其中,k>01/p'+1/p=1. 根据式(4)式(28)和Holder不等式,有

Rnut(s,x)qdxU0q(t)Ψq/(q-1)(s,x)dx-(q-1)k-(q-1)U0q(s)(R+s)(n-1)(1-q/2).

运用式(27)式(29),可得

V(t)k-(q2-1)(R+t)-(n-1)q2/20t0s0τ0σU0q2(η)(R+η)n-1dηdσdτds.

同理可得

U(t)c-(q1-1)(R+t)-(n-1)q1/20t0s0τ0σV0q1(η)(R+η)n-1dηdσdτds.

结合式(18)式(31),得到

U(t)c-(q1-1)K1q1εq1(R+t)-(n-1)q1/20t0s0τ0σηn-1dηdσdτds(c-(q1-1)K1q1εq1/n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3))(R+t)-(n-1)q1/2tn+3.

同理,结合式(17)式(30),可得

V(t)(k-(q2-1)C1q2εq2/n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3))(R+t)-(n-1)q2/2tn+3.

D1=c-(q1-1)K1q1εq1/n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)
a1=(n-1)q1/2b1=n+3
Δ1=k-(q2-1)C1q2εq2/n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)
α1=(n-1)q2/2β1=n+3.

则有

U(t)D1(R+t)-a1tb1,
V(t)Δ1(R+t)-α1tβ1.

下面构造U(t)V(t)的迭代序列. 设

U(t)Dj(R+t)-ajtbj,
V(t)Δj(R+t)-αjtβj,

其中,非负实数列{Dj}j1,{aj}j1,{bj}j1,{Δj}j1,{αj}j1,{βj}j1将在下文给出定义. 根据式(24)式(25)以及定理2的条件,可得

U(t)0t0s0τ0σRnv(η,x)p1dxdηdσdτdsC00t0s0τ0σ(R+η)-n(p1-1)(V(η))p1dηdσdτds,
V(t)0t0s0τ0σRnu(η,x)p2dxdηdσdτdsK00t0s0τ0σ(R+η)-n(p2-1)(U(η))p2dηdσdτds.

结合式(37)和(38),有

U(t)C0Δjp1(R+t)-n(p1-1)-αjp10t0s0τ0σηβjp1dηdσdτdsC0Δjp1(R+t)-n(p1-1)-αjp1tβjp1+4/(βjp1+1)(βjp1+2)(βjp1+3)(βjp1+4).

同理,利用式(36)和(39)可推出

V(t)K0Djp2(R+t)-n(p2-1)-ajp2tbjp2+4/(bjp2+1)(bjp2+2)(bjp2+3)(bjp2+4).

Dj+1=C0Δjp1/(βjp1+1)(βjp1+2)(βjp1+3)(βjp1+4),aj+1=n(p1-1)+αjp1,bj+1=βjp1+4,
Δj+1=K0Djp2/(bjp2+1)(bjp2+2)(bjp2+3)(bjp2+4),αj+1=n(p2-1)+ajp2,βj+1=bjp2+4,

则由式(40)和(41)可知,式(36)和(37)对j+1成立.

j为奇数时,利用式(42)~(43),可得

aj=n(p1-1)+αj-1p1=n(p1-1)+(n(p2-1)+aj-2p2)p1=n(p1p2-1)+aj-2p1p2=n(p1p2-1)k=0(j-3)/2(p1p2)k+a1(p1p2)(j-1)/2=(n+a1)(p1p2)(j-1)/2-n=(n+(n-1)q1/2)(p1p2)(j-1)/2-n,
αj=n(p2-1)+aj-1p2=n(p2-1)+(n(p1-1)+αj-2p1)p2=n(p1p2-1)+αj-2p1p2=n(p1p2-1)k=0(j-3)/2(p1p2)k+α1(p1p2)(j-1)/2=(n+α1)(p1p2)(j-1)/2-n=(n+(n-1)q2/2)(p1p2)(j-1)/2-n,
bj=4+4p1+p1p2bj-2=b1(p1p2)(j-1)/2+4(p1+1)k=0(j-3)/2(p1p2)k=(b1+4(p1+1)/(p1p2-1))(p1p2)(j-1)/2-4(p1+1)/(p1p2-1)=(n+3+4(p1+1)/(p1p2-1))(p1p2)(j-1)/2-4(p1+1)/(p1p2-1),
βj=4+4p2+p1p2βj-2=β1(p1p2)(j-1)/2+4(p2+1)k=0(j-3)/2(p1p2)k=(β1+4(p2+1)/(p1p2-1))(p1p2)(j-1)/2-4(p2+1)/(p1p2-1)=(n+3+4(p2+1)/(p1p2-1))(p1p2)(j-1)/2-4(p2+1)/(p1p2-1).

j为偶数,则j-1为奇数. 因此

bj=βj-1p1+4=p1(n+3+4(p2+1)/(p1p2-1))(p1p2)(j-1)/2-4p1(p2+1)/(p1p2-1)+4,
βj=bj-1p2+4=p2(n+3+4(p1+1)/(p1p2-1))(p1p2)(j-1)/2-4p2(p1+1)/(p1p2-1)+4.

式(46)~(49)表明

bj<B0(p1p2)(j-1)/2,βj<B˜0(p1p2)(j-1)/2

j为奇数,

bj<B0(p1p2)j/2,   βj<B˜0(p1p2)j/2
j为偶数,

其中,B0=B0(p1,p2,n), B˜0=B˜0(p1,p2,n)是不依赖于j的正数. 根据式(42)~(43),得到

DjC0Δj-1p1/bj4,ΔjK0Dj-1p2/βj4.

结合式(50)~(51),可知

DjC0Δj-1p1/B04(p1p2)2(j-1)
C0K0p1Dj-2p1p2/B04(p1p2)2(j-1)βj-14p1C0K0p1Dj-2p1p2/B04B˜04p1((p1p2)p1+1)2(j-1)=C˜Dj-2p1p2/((p1p2)p1+1)2(j-1),
ΔjK0Dj-1p2/B04(p1p2)2(j-1)K0C0p2Δj-2p1p2/B04(p1p2)2(j-1)βj-14p2K0C0p2Δj-2p1p2/B04B˜04p2((p1p2)p2+1)2(j-1)=K˜Δj-2p1p2/((p1p2)p2+1)2(j-1),

其中,C˜=C0K0p1/B04B˜04p1, K˜=K0C0p2/B˜04B04p2.

j为奇数时,对式(52)两边取对数,可得

logDjp1p2logDj-2-2(j-1)(p1+1)log(p1p2)+logC˜(p1p2)2logDj-4-2((j-1)+(j-3)p1p2)(p1+1)×log(p1p2)+(1+p1p2)logC˜(p1p2)(j-1)/2logD1-2k=1(j-1)/2(j+1-2k)(p1p2)k-1×(p1+1)log(p1p2)+k=0(j-3)/2(p1p2)klogC˜(p1p2)(j-1)/2[logD1-4(p1p2)(p1+1)log(p1p2)/(p1p2-1)2+logC˜/(p1p2-1)]+4(p1p2)(p1+1)log(p1p2)/(p1p2-1)2+2(j-1)(j-1)(p1+1)log(p1p2)/(p1p2-1)-logC˜/(p1p2-1).

因此,当j1logC˜/2(p1+1)log(p1p2)-2p1p2/(p1p2-1)+1时,有

logDj(p1p2)(j-1)/2(logD1-Sp1,p2()),

其中,

Sp1,p2()=4(p1p2)(p1+1)log(p1p2)/(p1p2-1)2-logC˜/(p1p2-1).

类似地,通过利用(53)式,可得

logΔj(p1p2)(j-1)/2[logΔ1-4(p1p2)(p2+1)log(p1p2)/(p1p2-1)2+logK˜/(p1p2-1)]+4(p1p2)(p2+1)log(p1p2)/(p1p2-1)2+2(j-1)(p2+1)log(p1p2)/(p1p2-1)-logK˜/(p1p2-1).

因此,当j2logK˜/2(p2+1)log(p1p2)-2p1p2/(p1p2-1)+1时,有

logΔj(p1p2)(j-1)/2(logΔ1-S˜p1,p2()),

其中,

S˜p1,p2()=4(p1p2)(p2+1)log(p1p2)/(p1p2-1)2-logK˜/(p1p2-1).

j0=[(1/log(p1p2))max{logC˜/2(p1+1),logK˜/2(p2+1)}-2p1p2/(p1p2-1)+1].

将式(44)~(47)和式(54)~(55)代入式(36)~(37),可得

U(t)exp((p1p2)(j-1)/2(logD1-Sp1,p2()))(R+t)-ajtbj=exp((p1p2)(j-1)/2(logD1-Sp1,p2()))(R+t)-(n+(n-1)q1/2)(p1p2)(j-1)/2+n×t(n+3+4(p1+1)/(p1p2-1))(p1p2)(j-1)/2-4(p1+1)/(p1p2-1)=exp((p1p2)(j-1)/2(logD1-(n+(n-1)q1/2)log(R+t)+(n+3+4(p1+1)/(p1p2-1))logt-Sp1,p2()))×(R+t)nt-4(p1+1)/(p1p2-1),
V(t)exp((p1p2)(j-1)/2(logK1-(n+(n-1)q2/2)log(R+t)+(n+3+4(p2+1)/(p1p2-1))logt-S˜p1,p2()))×(R+t)nt-4(p2+1)/(p1p2-1).

因此,当tR时,可知log(R+t)log2t.

U(t)exp((p1p2)(j-1)/2J(t))(R+t)nt-4(p1+1)/(p1p2-1),
V(t)exp((p1p2)(j-1)/2J˜(t))(R+t)nt-4(p2+1)/(p1p2-1),

其中,

J(t)=logD1+((n+3+4(p1+1)/(p1p2-1))-(n+(n-1)q1/2))logt-(n+(n-1)q1/2)log2-Sp1,p2()=log(D1t(3p1p2+4p1+1)/(p1p2-1)-(n-1)q1/2)-(n+(n-1)q1/2)log2-Sp1,p2(),
J˜(t)=log(K1t(3p1p2+4p2+1)/(p1p2-1)-(n-1)q2/2)-(n+(n-1)q2/2)log2-S˜p1,p2().

式(58)~(59)中t的指数分别为

(3p1p2+4p1+1)/(p1p2-1)-(n-1)q1/2=Y1(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)q1,
(3p1p2+4p2+1)/(p1p2-1)-(n-1)q2/2=Y2(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)q2.

因此,(3p1p2+4p1+1)/(p1p2-1)-(n-1)q1/2>0(3p1p2+4p2+1)/(p1p2-1)-(n-1)q2/2>0当且仅当Y1(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)>0Y2(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)>0.

Y1(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)>0时,则存在ε0=ε0(u0,u1,u2,u3,v0,v1,v2,v3,n,p1,p2,q1,q2,R)>0使得C^ε0-Y1(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)-1R,其中,C^=(n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)/C-(q1-1)K1q1)2n+(n-1)q1/2· exp(Sp1,p2()))1/q1Y1(n,p1,p2,q1,q2).因此,对于ε(0,ε0]t>C^ε0-Y1(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)-1,有tRJ(t)>0.式(56)中,令JU(t),从而得T(ε)C^ε-Y1(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)-1.

同理,当Y2(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)>0时,假设

K^ε0-Y2(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)-1R

其中,K^=(n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)/K-(q2-1)C1q2)2n+(n-1)q2/2exp(S˜p1,p2()))1/q2Y2(n,p1,p2,q1,q2). 因此,对于ε(0,ε0]t>K^ε0-Y2(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)-1,有tRJ˜(t)>0.式(57)中,令JV(t),得T(ε)K^ε-Y2(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)-1.因此,解(u,v)的生命跨度估计为

T(ε)Cε-max{Y1(n,p1,p2,q1,q2),Y2(n,p1,p2,q1,q2)}-1,

其中,C为正常数. 定理1得证.

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基金资助

山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123045)

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