长江流域晚新生代以来生态环境演变与文化响应
顾延生 , 刘若男 , 罗文菁 , 李越南 , 朱宗敏
华中师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4) : 545 -558.
长江流域晚新生代以来生态环境演变与文化响应
Evolution of eco-environment and cultural response in the Yangtze River Basin since the late Cenozoic era
晚新生代以来,长江流域的地貌格局与季风气候及生态环境逐步形成,孕育了悠久的古人类、古文明以及包括长江文化在内的现代文明.长期以来,长江流域生态环境变迁与人地关系及长江文化形成演化的内在关联机制尚不清晰.在系统收集前人研究成果基础上,本文系统梳理了长江流域晚新生代以来不同时间尺度的气候变化及其生态环境效应,发现不同时间长度的环境变化(选择压力)对古人类生存演化及古文化形成发展影响深刻.2万年来,海平面升降控制的长江中下游平原地区沉积地貌与河湖湿地环境演化是制约古人类活动发展的主控因素,古文化响应具有显著的阶段性,与特定历史时期的古人类演化、水文气候、沉积地貌的时空格局有关,由早期的“水进人退、水退人进”向后期的“人水共存”模式发展,是“流域环境”与“长江文化”之间紧密联系的内在驱动.
Since the late Cenozoic era, the geomorphological pattern, monsoon climate, and eco-environment of the Yangtze River Basin have been gradually shaped, fostering a long history of ancient humans, ancient civilizations, and modern civilizations, including the Yangtze River Culture. However, the relationship between eco-environmental changes in the Yangtze River Basin since the late Cenozoic and the activities of ancient humans and their cultural responses remains unclear. For a long time, the interconnected mechanisms linking eco-environmental changes in the Yangtze River Basin, human-nature relationships, and the formation and evolution of Yangtze River Culture have remained unclear. Based on a systematic review of previous research, this paper systematically examined climate change at different time scales in the Yangtze River Basin since the late Cenozoic and its eco-environmental effects. The results reveal that environmental changes (selection pressures) of varying durations profoundly influenced the survival, evolution, and cultural development of ancient humans. Over the past 20 000 years, the evolution of sedimentary landform and the river-lake wetland environment in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, controlled by sea-level rise and fall, has been the dominant factor constraining the development of ancient human activities. The response of ancient cultures exhibited distinct phases, closely related to the spatiotemporal patterns of ancient human evolution, hydro-climate change, and sedimentary landform during specific historical periods. This response evolved from an early pattern of “humans retreating as water advances and advancing as water retreats” to a later model of “coexistence between humans and water”. This evolution represents the internal driving force behind the close connection between the “basin environment” and the “Yangtze River Culture”.
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
肖国桥, 张春霞, 郭正堂. 晚渐新世一早中新世青藏高原隆升与东亚季风演化[J]. 自然杂志, 2014, 36(3): 165-169. |
| [3] |
|
| [4] |
陈育芝, 武仙竹. 长江三峡及周边地区早期人类的生存环境与生存行为[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(2): 287-297. |
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
钱方. 元谋人的时代[J]. 地质力学学报, 2005, 11(4): 302-310. |
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
李天元, 冯小波, 李文森. “汉阳人”化石的发现[J]. 文物世界, 2000(2): 72-75. |
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
吴汝康, 李星学. 南京直立人[M]. 南京: 江苏科学技术出版社, 2002. |
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
黄培华, 郑丽珍, 全裕才, |
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
王珂, 罗佳佳, 曾爱民. 探秘长阳人遗址: 长江流域的古人类家园[J]. 湖北文史, 2025(1): 31-37. |
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
涂华, 沈冠军, 武仙竹. 古人类遗址湖北郧西黄龙洞的铀系年代[J]. 人类学学报, 2011, 30(3): 327-333. |
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
吴秀杰, 严毅. 资阳人头骨化石的内部解剖结构[J]. 人类学学报, 2020, 39(4): 511-520. |
| [19] |
|
| [20] |
云南省博物馆. 云南丽江人类头骨的初步研究[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1977, 15(2): 157-161;170. |
| [21] |
Yunnan Provincial Museum.Preliminary study on human skull in Lijiang, Yunnan[J]. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 1977, 15(2): 157-161;170. (Ch). |
| [22] |
李意愿, 裴树文, 同号文, |
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
冯天瑜, 马志亮, 丁援. 自然与人文双优的长江文明[J]. 华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2019, 58(1): 57-65. |
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
严文明. 我国稻作起源研究的新进展[J]. 考古, 1997(9): 71-76. |
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
刘斌. 华夏文明的曙光从这里升起: 良渚文化发现70周年纪事[J]. 今日浙江, 2006(23): 53-54. |
| [30] |
|
| [31] |
蒋乐平. 中国早期新石器时代的三类型与两阶段: 兼论上山文化在稻作农业起源中的位置[J]. 南方文物, 2016(3): 71-78. |
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
|
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
|
| [36] |
|
| [37] |
|
| [38] |
|
| [39] |
|
| [40] |
|
| [41] |
|
| [42] |
|
| [43] |
张文绪, 袁家荣. 湖南道县玉蟾岩古栽培稻的初步研究[J]. 作物学报, 1998, 24(4): 416-420. |
| [44] |
|
| [45] |
吴小红, 伊丽莎贝塔·博阿雷托, 袁家荣, |
| [46] |
|
| [47] |
袁家荣. 湖南旧石器时代文化与玉蟾岩遗址[M]. 长沙: 岳麓书社, 2013. |
| [48] |
|
| [49] |
吴小红, 张弛, 保罗·格德伯格, |
| [50] |
|
| [51] |
彭适凡, 周广明. 江西万年仙人洞与吊桶环遗址: 旧石器时代向新石器时代过渡模式的个案研究[J]. 农业考古, 2004(3): 29-39. |
| [52] |
|
| [53] |
钟倩, 向其芳, 李杭. 以夹口山遗址发掘为中心 湖北当阳九里岗遗址群旧—新石器时代过渡阶段的探索[J]. 大众考古, 2024(7): 20-29;98. |
| [54] |
|
| [55] |
朱诚, 郑朝贵, 吴立, |
| [56] |
|
| [57] |
吕厚远. 周期性气候变化与人类适应[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(4): 731-748. |
| [58] |
|
| [59] |
|
| [60] |
裴安平, 曹传松. 湖南澧县彭头山新石器时代早期遗址发掘简报[J]. 文物, 1990(8): 17-29;102. |
| [61] |
|
| [62] |
严文明. 中国史前稻作农业遗存的新发现[J]. 江汉考古, 1990(3): 29-34. |
| [63] |
|
| [64] |
谢崇安. 彭头山史前稻作遗存的发现及其意义[J]. 农业考古, 1991(1): 178-180;194. |
| [65] |
|
| [66] |
张文绪, 裴安平. 澧县梦溪八十垱出土稻谷的研究[J]. 文物, 1997(1): 36-41. |
| [67] |
|
| [68] |
|
| [69] |
|
| [70] |
|
| [71] |
|
| [72] |
郭学仁. 湖南新石器时代农业试探[J]. 农业考古, 1991(1): 136-141;152. |
| [73] |
|
| [74] |
|
| [75] |
|
| [76] |
湖南省文物考古研究所. 澧县城头山-中日合作澧阳平原环境考古与有关综合研究(精)[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 2007. |
| [77] |
Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. Lixian Chengtoushan: Sino-Japanese Joint Environmental Archaeology and Comprehensive Research on the Liyang Plain[M]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press, 2007. (Ch). |
| [78] |
|
| [79] |
冷勇辉, 李长安, 刘辉, |
| [80] |
|
| [81] |
笪浩波. 长江中游史前稻作农业的发展[J]. 农业考古, 2014(1): 1-10. |
| [82] |
|
| [83] |
邓辉, 陈义勇, 贾敬禹, |
| [84] |
|
| [85] |
|
| [86] |
|
| [87] |
韩建业. 龙山时代的文化巨变和传说时代的部族战争[J]. 社会科学, 2020(1): 152-163. |
| [88] |
|
| [89] |
顾延生, 管硕, 李越南. 江汉平原古云梦泽形成演化及其影响机制[J]. 地球科学, 2025, 50(3): 830-845. |
| [90] |
|
| [91] |
杜耘, 殷鸿福. 洞庭湖历史时期环境研究[J]. 地球科学, 2003, 28(2): 214-218. |
| [92] |
|
| [93] |
周魁一. 中国古代的农田水利[J]. 农业考古, 1986(1): 175-183. |
| [94] |
|
| [95] |
裴安平, 熊建华. 长江流域的稻作文化[M]. 武汉: 湖北教育出版社, 2004. |
| [96] |
|
| [97] |
谢树成, 胡超涌, 顾延生, |
| [98] |
|
| [99] |
|
| [100] |
|
| [101] |
|
| [102] |
|
| [103] |
|
| [104] |
徐怡婷, 林舟, 蒋乐平. 上山文化遗址分布与地理环境的关系[J]. 南方文物, 2016(3): 131-138. |
| [105] |
|
| [106] |
顾延生, 米雨川, 曾剑威, |
| [107] |
|
| [108] |
郑洪波, 周友胜, 杨青, |
| [109] |
|
| [110] |
王巍. 中国考古学年鉴-2000[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 2002. |
| [111] |
|
| [112] |
中国考古学会. 中国考古学年鉴[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 2005. |
| [113] |
Chinese Archaeological Society. Yearbook of Chinese Archaeology(2004) [M]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House 2005. (Ch). |
| [114] |
史威, 马春梅, 焦锋, |
| [115] |
|
| [116] |
韩建业. 试论跨湖桥文化的来源和对外影响: 兼论新石器时代中期长江中下游地区间的文化交流[J]. 东南文化, 2010(6): 62-66. |
| [117] |
|
| [118] |
|
| [119] |
|
| [120] |
|
| [121] |
|
| [122] |
|
| [123] |
国家文物局. 中国文物地图集-浙江分册[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 2009. |
| [124] |
National Cultural Heritage Administration. Atlas of China cultural relics-Zhejiang branch[M]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House, 2009. (Ch). |
| [125] |
唐亮, 吕晔, 年小美, |
| [126] |
|
| [127] |
张文桐. 全新世中期杭嘉湖平原地貌与水文环境变化及新石器人类活动的响应[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2023. |
| [128] |
|
| [129] |
张之恒. 长江下游新石器时代文化[M]. 武汉: 湖北教育出版社, 2004. |
| [130] |
|
| [131] |
吴维棠. 从新石器时代文化遗址看杭州湾两岸的全新世古地理[J]. 地理学报, 1983, 38(2): 113-127;207-208. |
| [132] |
|
| [133] |
林国聪, 丁友甫, 谢纯龙, |
| [134] |
|
| [135] |
|
| [136] |
|
| [137] |
|
| [138] |
赵成双苹. 长江中下游地区全新世中期人类文化演化的环境背景研究[D]. 北京: 北京大学, 2021. |
| [139] |
|
| [140] |
|
| [141] |
|
| [142] |
|
| [143] |
赵东升. 环太湖古文化演进与水域变迁关系初论[J]. 南方文物, 2016(3): 201-207. |
| [144] |
|
| [145] |
蒋赞初, 张彬. 论长江下游青铜文化的阶段性及其发展缓慢的原因[C]//铜鼓和青铜文化的新探索: 中国南方及东南亚地区古代铜鼓和青铜文化第二次国际学术讨论会论文集. 南宁, 1991: 213-217. |
| [146] |
|
| [147] |
寿永明, 卓光平. 从吴越文化到“新江南”文化: 长三角文化的演进与新构[J]. 名作欣赏, 2021(8): 42-44. |
| [148] |
|
国家自然科学联合基金项目(U23A2023)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |