不同种植模式对燕麦、麦蚜及天敌的影响

Effect of Different Cropping Patterns on Avena sativa, Wheat Aphids and Natural Enemies

摘要

本文主要采用间作、混作和单作3种模式种植燕麦，间作、混作的作物分别为油菜、箭筈豌豆和毛苕子，以单作燕麦为对照。研究不同种植模式对燕麦的生育时期、营养品质、鲜草产量、籽粒产量及麦蚜天敌密度的影响，比较对蚜虫的防治效果。取得如下结果：3个间作处理对燕麦的生育时期没有显著影响，而3个混作处理将燕麦的收获期推迟了1-4 d，在燕麦田混作箭筈豌豆或毛苕子，使燕麦的粗蛋白（CP）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量显著升高，6个处理对燕麦草和籽粒的产量均未造成显著影响。在燕麦孕穗期，混作油菜、箭筈豌豆或毛苕子的燕麦蚜口密度均显著低于单作燕麦，3个间作处理的燕麦蚜口密度与对照间无显著差异；混作毛苕子的燕麦田内的天敌密度最高，混作油菜、箭筈豌豆的燕麦以及与燕麦间作的油菜天敌密度均明显高于对照燕麦；在开花期，6个处理燕麦的蚜口密度均低于对照，间作毛苕子的燕麦天敌密度最大；在灌浆期，3个混作处理的燕麦蚜口密度均低于对照，这三种模式对麦蚜具有较高的防效，约达52.81%-62.23%。

Abstract

This study mainly adopts three planting patterns for oat cultivation ( Avena sativa): intercropping, mixed cropping, and monocropping. The crops used for intercropping and mixed cropping are spring rapeseed, common vetch, and hairy vetch, oat monocropping is the control. This study investigates the effects of different cropping patterns on the growth periods, nutritional quality, fresh grass yield, grain yield, and the density of wheat aphid natural enemies, and compares their control effects against aphids. The following results are obtained: The three intercropping treatments have no significant effect on the growth periods of oat, while the three mixed cropping treatments delay the harvest period by 1-4 days. Mixed cropping with common vetch or hairy vetch in oat fields significantly increases the contents of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in oat. None of the six treatments exerts a significant influence on oat grass and grain yield. During the oat booting stage, the aphid population density in oat fields mixed with spring rapeseed, common vetch, or hairy vetch is significantly lower than that in monocropped oat. The aphid population density in the three intercropping treatments shows no significant difference compared to the control. The natural enemy density is the highest in oat fields mixed with hairy vetch. The natural enemy densities in oat fields mixed with spring rapeseed or common vetch, as well as in rapeseed intercropped with oat, are all significantly higher than in the control. During the flowering stage, the aphid population densities of oat in all six treatments are lower than in the control, and the natural enemy density is the highest in oat intercropped with hairy vetch. During the filling stage, the wheat aphid population density of the three mixed cropping treatments is lower than that in the control, and these three patterns exhibit relatively high control effects against wheat aphids, reaching approximately 52.81%-62.23%.

关键词

燕麦 / 间作 / 混作 / 蚜虫 / 天敌

Key words

Avena sativa / intercropping / mixed cropping / wheat aphid / natural enemy

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基金资助

农业农村部现代农业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07-C-3)

农业农村部现代农业技术体系建设专项(CARS-08-C-3)