山东省小麦茎基腐病菌毒素化学型鉴定及其致病力相关性分析

Identification of Toxin Chemotypes of Fusarium pseudograminearum in Shandong Province and Analysis of Their Correlation with Pathogenicity

摘要

小麦茎基腐病在我国小麦主产区的发生日益严重，已成为威胁粮食安全的重大病害。假禾谷镰孢（ Fusarium pseudograminearum）是该病的主要病原菌之一，其致病机制与产生的真菌毒素密切相关，其中脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol，DON）和雪腐镰孢菌烯醇（nivalenol，NIV）毒素是关键致病因子。本研究以山东省8个地区分离的125株假禾谷镰孢为材料，利用特异性引物进行PCR检测，系统分析了病原菌的毒素化学型。结果表明，产15-AcDON毒素的菌株占比最高，比例为56%（70/125）；其次为产3-AcDON毒素的菌株，占38.4%（48/125）；产NIV毒菌株占比最低（5.6%，7/125）。病原菌致病力测定显示，不同产毒类型菌株的致病力存在差异，其中产NIV毒素的菌株致病力最强。此外，DON毒素产量分析表明，产3-AcDON毒素菌株的毒素合成能力显著高于产15-AcDON毒素菌株，且毒素产量与其在小麦胚芽鞘上的致病力呈正相关。本研究揭示了山东省小麦茎基腐病菌的毒素化学型组成特征及其与致病力的关系，为小麦茎基腐病的综合防治提供了关键数据支持和理论依据。

Abstract

The occurrence of wheat crown rot has become increasingly severe in China's major wheat-producing regions and has emerged as a major disease threatening food security. Fusarium pseudograminearum, one of the primary pathogens responsible for this disease, exhibits a pathogenic mechanism closely associated with the production of mycotoxins, among which deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) serve as key pathogenic factors. Using 125 strains of F. pseudograminearum strains from 8 regions of Shandong Province as materials, this study conducts PCR with specific primers to systematically analyze the toxin chemotypes of the pathogen. Results show that 15-AcDON-producing strains accounts for the highest proportion at 56% (70/125), followed by 3-AcDON-producing strains at 38.4% (48/125), while NIV-producing strains account for the lowest proportion at 5.6% (7/125). Pathogenicity assessments show differential virulence among toxin chemotypes, with NIV-producing strains exhibiting the strongest pathogenicity. Furthermore, DON production analysis indicates that 3-AcDON-producing strains exhibit significantly higher toxin synthesis capacity than 15-AcDON-producing strains, and toxin levels have a positive correlation with pathogenicity on wheat coleoptiles. This study elucidates the toxin chemotype composition of F. pseudograminearum in Shandong Province and their relationship with pathogenicity, providing critical data support and a theoretical basis for integrated management of wheat crown rot.

关键词

假禾谷镰孢 / 毒素化学型 / NIV / 3-AcDON / 15-AcDON / 致病力

Key words

Fusarium pseudograminearum / toxin chemotype / NIV / 3-AcDON / 15-AcDON / pathogenicity

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基金资助

山东省小麦产业技术体系岗位专家项目(SDAIT-01-10)

2024年山东省重点研发计划（重大科技创新工程）专项(2024CXGC010907)