元宝枫半同胞家系区域试验林幼龄期生长变异及选择

Growth Variation and Selection of Half-Sib Families of Acer truncatum During the Juvenile Period in Regional Trial Forests

摘要

研究分析元宝枫不同半同胞家系幼龄期生长性状遗传多样性水平，进行早期优良家系及单株评价与选择，提高育种效率，加速元宝枫遗传改良进程，为后期元宝枫良种选育奠定基础。以27个3年生元宝枫半同胞家系为试材，在3个地点营建区域试验林，测量其株高和地径，进行多点联合方差分析、生长分析和遗传参数分析；采用隶属函数评估法对3个区域试验林进行选择，筛选出优良家系；以株高和地径均位于前10%为标准，选择出优良单株。三点联合分析可知27个家系株高和地径在不同试验林间、不同家系间以及不同试验林和家系的交互作用间均存在显著或极显著差异，不同家系的平均株高为144.38 cm~179.63 cm，平均地径为17.68 mm~22.32 mm；株高和地径在3个试验林变异系数范围分别为17.69%~29.49%和16.05%~33.35%，家系遗传力范围分别为0.275 1~0.691 9和0.456 6~0.723 0，受较高程度遗传控制。利用隶属函数评估法对3个区域试验林进行选择，筛选出LNFX002、NMCF010和NXAM090共3个在三地表现均佳的家系，入选率为11.11%；3个家系株高和地径的平均选择增益分别为4.88%和8.20%，平均遗传增益为2.94%和5.01%。3个试验林以各自株高和地径均位于前10%为标准，共选择出48个优良单株，入选率为2.93%，株高平均选择增益和遗传增益分别为44.71%和23.11%，地径平均选择增益和遗传增益分别为49.43%和30.20%。元宝枫半同胞家系生长性状在不同家系和不同区域间存在着丰富的遗传变异。筛选出的LNFX002、NMCF010和NXAM090家系在山东三地表现均佳，可考虑作为优良家系在山东及立地条件相似的地区推广。

Abstract

This study investigates the genetic diversity of juvenile growth traits among different half-sib families of Acer truncatum, evaluates and selects superior families and individual plants at an early stage, improves breeding efficiency, accelerate the genetic improvement process of A. truncatum, and lays a solid foundation for future superior variety breeding. Taking 27 three-year-old half-sib families of A. truncatum as test materials, this study establishes regional trial forests at three locations, measures their plant height and ground diameter, followed by multi-site combined variance analysis, growth analysis and genetic parameter analysis. This study adopts the membership function evaluation method to select superior families across the three trial sites, and screens superior individual plants based on the criterion of ranking within the top 10% for both tree height and ground diameter. Three points joint analysis shows that the 27 families exhibit significant or highly significant differences among trial sites, among families, and in the interaction between trial sites and families. The average plant height of different families ranges from 144.38 cm to 179.63 cm, and the average ground diameter ranges from 17.68 mm to 22.32 mm. The coefficients of variation for plant height and ground diameter in the three trial forests range from 17.69% to 29.49% and from 16.05% to 33.35%, respectively. The family heritability of plant height ranges from 0.275 1 to 0.691 9, and that of ground diameter ranges from 0.456 6 to 0.723 0, indicating that these traits are under a relatively strong genetic control. Using the membership function evaluation method, this study selects three superior families (LNFX002, NMCF010, and NXAM090) based on their consistently excellent performance across all three regional trial sites, with a selection rate of 11.11%. The average selection gains of plant height and ground diameter for these three families are 4.88% and 8.20%, respectively, with average genetic gains of 2.94% and 5.01%. Based on the criterion of ranking within the top 10% for both tree height and ground diameter at each trial site, this study selects a total of 48 superior individual plants across the three trial forests, with a selection rate of 2.93%. The average selection gains and genetic gains for plant height are 44.71% and 23.11%, respectively, while those for ground diameter are 49.43% and 30.20%, respectively. The growth traits of half-sib families of A. truncatum exhibit abundant genetic variation among different families and regions. The selected families LNFX002, NMCF010, and NXAM090 demonstrate excellent performance across all three trial sites in Shandong Province and can be considered as superior families for promotion in Shandong and regions with similar site conditions.

关键词

元宝枫 / 半同胞家系 / 区域试验林 / 幼龄期 / 生长变异 / 选择

Key words

Acer truncatum / half-sib families / regional trial forests / juvenile period / growth variation / selection

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基金资助

泰安市农业良种工程“元宝枫新品种定向选育及示范应用”(2023NYLZ03)

科技创新合作项目“元宝枫种质资源收集评价及种质挖掘”(2020KJCX01)

山东省重点研发计划项目课题“元宝枫抗逆高产无性系早期鉴定及神经酸分离纯化技术”(2020LZGC0090301)

山东省自然资源厅“珍贵树种保育利用创新团队项目”(LZYZZ202398)

中央财政林业改革发展资金项目(鲁［2020］TG01号)

中央财政林业改革发展资金项目(鲁［2023］TG 018-02号)