10份西南山区常用玉米自交系白斑病抗性鉴定及遗传多样性分析

Identification of White Spot Resistance and Genetic Diversity Analysis of 10 Commonly Used Maize Inbred Lines from Southwest Mountainous Regions

摘要

本研究以10份贵州省常用玉米自交系为材料，系统评估了其对白斑病的抗性水平，并基于SSR分子标记开展了群体遗传多样性分析，旨在挖掘贵州地区玉米白斑病抗性相关遗传资源，为构建高效抗病种质体系提供基础。白斑病抗性鉴定于2022-2024年度，在云南省德宏州江东乡与勐嘎镇进行。利用69对条带清晰、稳定性好的SSR引物进行PCR扩增，运用POPGENE 32与NTSYS-2.10e软件进行遗传多样性及聚类分析。抗性鉴定结果表明，自交系T32表现为稳定高抗，自交系交51表现为高感。SSR标记分析共检测到308个等位基因，每位点平均等位基因数（Na）为4.46。群体遗传参数显示：Nei’s 基因多样性指数（H）变幅为0.320-0.860，平均值为0.680；Shannon’s 信息指数（I）变幅为0.500 4-2.025 3，平均值为1.311 2；多态性信息含量（PIC）变幅为0.320-0.860，平均值为0.678。其中，标记umc1753多态性最高。基于遗传相似系数进行聚类分析，在相似系数0.356处，S37、苏11和双M9聚为一亚类，均具有热带血缘；在0.312处，齐319、J106、郑58及QL16聚为一亚类，均具有温带血缘；在0.269处，交51与HC聚为一亚类；在0.257处，T32与其余自交系（交51和HC除外）聚为一亚类。研究结果表明，本研究所用10份自交系具有较丰富的遗传多样性，可满足玉米育种中对亲本遗传差异的需求。其中自交系T32对白斑病表现高抗，同时对灰斑病和丝黑穗病亦具一定抗性，可作为贵州地区抗病基因挖掘、杂交种改良及抗性种质创制的重点材料。

Abstract

This study systematically evaluates the resistance levels of 10 commonly used maize inbred lines in Guizhou Province to southern maize white spot and conducts a population genetic diversity analysis based on SSR molecular markers. The research aims to explore genetic resources related to southern maize white spot resistance in the Guizhou region, providing a foundation for constructing an efficient disease-resistant germplasm system. The resistance identification of southern maize white spot was carried out in Jiangdong Township and Mengga Town, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, during the 2022–2024 period. PCR amplification was performed using 69 pairs of SSR primers with clear and stable bands, and genetic diversity and cluster analyses were conducted using POPGENE 32 and NTSYS-2.10e software. The resistance identification results showed that inbred line T32 exhibited stable high resistance, while inbred line Jiao51 showed high susceptibility. SSR marker analysis detected a total of 308 alleles, with an average number of alleles per locus (Na) of 4.46. Population genetic parameters revealed the following: Nei's gene diversity index (H) ranged from 0.320 to 0.860, with an average of 0.680; Shannon's information index (I) ranged from 0.500 4 to 2.025 3, with an average of 1.311 2; and the polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.320 to 0.860, with an average of 0.678. Among these, marker umc1753 showed the highest polymorphism. Based on genetic similarity coefficients, cluster analysis was performed. At a similarity coefficient of 0.356, S37, Su11, and Shuang M9 clustered into one subgroup, all of which possess tropical ancestry. At 0.312, Qi319, J106, Zheng58, and QL16 formed another subcategory, all with temperate ancestry. At 0.269, Jiao51 and HC clustered into a subcategory. At 0.257, T32 grouped with the remaining inbred lines (except Jiao51 and HC) into a separate subcategory. The results indicate that the 10 inbred lines used in this study exhibit relatively rich genetic diversity, which can meet the demand for parental genetic variation in maize breeding. Among them, inbred line T32 shows high resistance to southern maize white spot, along with certain resistance to gray leaf spot and head smut, making it a key material for disease resistance gene mining, hybrid improvement, and resistant germplasm development in the Guizhou region.

关键词

玉米 / 自交系 / 白斑病 / SSR分子标记 / 抗性鉴定

Key words

Maize / Inbred lines / Maize white spot / SSR molecular markers / Resistance identification

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(32560488)

贵州省粮油作物优质高效增产全省重点实验室(黔科合平台 ZSYS ［2025］037)