基于 SWAT的流域闸坝联合生态优化调度

Joint Ecological Optimal Operation of Sluices and Dams in River Basin Based on SWAT

摘要

考虑河流生态流量的流域闸坝联合调度是缓解水资源短缺和改善水生态环境的重要措施。以山东省泗河流域为研究对象，首先，建立流域SWAT模型模拟水库、闸坝区间径流量及水质；然后，以闸坝综合蓄水量最大为目标构建流域闸坝联合生态优化调度模型，采用鳑鲏鱼优化算法（BFO）进行求解，并与不考虑闸坝联合调度和粒子群算法（PSO）求解的调度方案进行对比分析；最后，将闸坝优化出流量输入SWAT模型进行水质模拟。结果表明，闸坝联合生态优化调度方案在保证流域供水、河流生态需水、外调水及拦蓄水资源等方面均优于不考虑闸坝联合调度的方案，且BFO算法求解的调度方案优于PSO算法；同时，总氮、总磷、氨氮与生化需氧量四项水质指标也有所改善。流域闸坝联合生态优化调度模型能够充分挖掘流域水资源潜力和改善水环境质量，为我国北方部分地区流域水利工程联合调度提供参考。

Abstract

The joint operation of basin sluice and dam systems considering river ecological flow is an important measure to alleviate water resource shortages and improve the water ecological environment. Taking the Si River Basin in Shandong Province as the study area, this study first establishes a SWAT model to simulate runoff and water quality in the reservoirs and sluice-dam sections. Then, it constructs a joint ecological optimal operation model for sluices and dams with the objective of maximizing their comprehensive storage capacity, which is solved by the Bitterling fish optimization algorithm (BFO). Furthermore, it compares the BFO-obtained operation schemes with schemes that do not consider joint operation and those solved using the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). Finally, it inputs the optimized outflow of sluices and dams into the SWAT model for water quality simulation. The results indicate that the joint ecological optimal operation scheme is superior to the scheme that does not consider joint operation in terms of ensuring basin water supply, river ecological water demand, external water transfer and interception water resources. Moreover, the operation schemes solved by BFO outperform that obtained by PSO. Additionally, the four water quality indicators (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and biochemical oxygen demand) have improved. The proposed joint ecological optimal operation model can fully exploit the potential of water resources and improve the water environment, offering a reference for integrated management of hydraulic infrastructure in river basins across northern China.

关键词

SWAT模型 / 径流模拟 / 联合生态优化调度 / 鳑鲏鱼优化算法 / 泗河流域

Key words

SWAT model / runoff simulation / joint ecological optimal operation / bitterling fish optimization algorithm / Si River Basin

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基金资助

山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021ME058)

山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GSF111043)