基于 DEM的圆盘切割装置仿真及优化

Simulation and Optimization of Disk Cutting Device Based on DEM

摘要

为提高韭菜收获机圆盘切割装置的工作性能，降低切割损失率与漏割率，通过分析圆盘锯切割运动与受力特性，明确接触阶段需满足摩擦力分力大于法向反力分力以保证茎秆顺利倒伏，切割运动中齿尖轨迹呈摆线，推导得出机具作业速度、圆盘刀转速及切割高度为关键影响参数，结合运动学仿真，构建了割台损失率与漏割率的二次多项式回归模型，并采用Design-Expert软件完成多因素优化设计。试验结果表明：当机具作业速度为0.4 m/s、圆盘刀转速为3 016 r/min、切割高度为43 mm时，割台损失率与漏割率分别降至2.667%和2.187%。田间试验验证结果显示，实际割台损失率为2.85%、漏割损失率为2.35%，与优化结果的相对误差分别为6.9%与7.5%，优化后的圆盘切割装置显著提升了切割性能。该研究为低损伤高效韭菜收获机的设计与参数选择提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

Abstract

To improve the working performance of the disc cutting device in a leek harvester and reduce the loss rate and missed cutting rate, this paper analyzes the cutting motion and force characteristics of the disc saw. It determines that during the contact phase, the frictional component must exceed the normal reaction component to ensure the smooth fall of the stems. The trajectory of the tooth tip during the cutting motion follows a cycloid. Through theoretical derivation, it concludes that the key influencing parameters are the operational speed of the machine, the rotational speed of the disc blade, and the cutting height. Building on this, combined with kinematics simulation, this paper constructs a quadratic polynomial regression model for the loss rate and missed cutting rate of the cutting platform, and then employs the Design-Expert software to complete the multi-factor optimization design. The experimental results indicate that when the machine operates at a speed of 0.4 m/s, the disc blade rotates at 3 016 r/min, and the cutting height is set to 43 mm, the header loss rate and the missed cutting rate decrease to 2.667% and 2.187%, respectively. Field test verification shows that the actual loss rate of the cutting platform is 2.85%, and the missed cutting loss rate is 2.35%, with relative errors of 6.9% and 7.5% compared to the optimized results, respectively. The optimized disc cutting device significantly improves the cutting performance. This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the design and parameter selection of low-damage, high-efficiency leek harvesters.

关键词

圆盘切割装置 / 离散元仿真 / 响应面优化 / 割台损失率 / 漏割率

Key words

Disc cutting device / discrete element simulation / response surface optimization / loss rate of the cutting platform / missed cutting rate

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基金资助

黑龙江省教育厅基本科研业务面上项目(145509222)

齐齐哈尔大学研究生创新科研项目(QUZLTS_CX2025008)

2025年大学生创新创业项目(X202510232036)

2025年大学生创新创业项目(X202510232126)