基于 EDEM-RecurDyn的水稻变容强投式穴直播排种器参数优化

Parameter Optimization of Variable-Volume Forced Seed-Throwing Hole Direct Seeding Meter for Rice Based on EDEM-RecurDyn

摘要

水稻机械化种植率的提升对保障粮食安全至关重要，而精量排种器的性能是水稻直播技术的关键瓶颈。本研究针对一种新型水稻变容强投式穴直播排种器展开研究，该装置利用容量可变实现播量无级调节，并通过强制投种解决卡种及大播量投种成穴性差的问题。采用离散元法与多体动力学耦合仿真分析与试验研究相结合的方法，构建不同球度的水稻种子颗粒模型，深入剖析稻种在充种与护种过程中的运动学及力学特性，揭示充种阶段的运动规律。结果表明，当排种器与壳体配合间隙为1 mm，排种轮扭矩在0.4~0.8 N·m时，成穴性能最佳。进一步分析转速、型孔直径、型孔数量及调节角度对播种性能的影响，确定最优结构参数组合。田间试验显示，最优参数下穴径合格率达100%，平均穴径3.62 cm，穴径变异系数18.45%，平均穴距22.98 cm，穴距变异系数8.43%，满足水稻种植穴距10~25 cm要求。本研究为该排种器的设计与优化提供了理论依据，推动了水稻直播技术与装备的发展。

Abstract

Improving the mechanized planting rate of rice is crucial for ensuring food security, while the performance of precision seed metering devices represents a key bottleneck in rice direct seeding technology. This study focuses on a novel variable-volume forced-throwing hole direct seeding meter for rice, which achieves stepless adjustment of seeding rate through variable volume and addresses issues such as seed jamming and poor hole formation at high seeding rates via forced seed throwing. By combining discrete element method with multibody dynamics coupling simulation analysis and experimental research, this study constructs particle models of rice seeds with varying sphericity to deeply analyze the kinematic and mechanical characteristics of rice seeds during the seed-filling and seed-protecting processes, revealing the movement laws in the seed-filling stage. The results show that the hole formation performance is optimal when the clearance between the seed metering device and the casing is 1 mm and the torque of the seed metering wheel is within 0.4~0.8 N·m. Further analysis of the effects of rotational speed, hole diameter, number of holes, and adjustment angle on seeding performance determines the optimal combination of structural parameters. Field tests under the optimal parameters demonstrate a hole-diameter qualification rate of 100%, an average hole diameter of 3.62 cm, a hole-diameter coefficient of variation of 18.45%, an average hole spacing of 22.98 cm, and a hole spacing coefficient of variation of 8.43%, all of which meet the rice planting requirement of hill spacing between 10 and 25 cm. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of this seed metering device, thereby advancing the development of rice direct seeding technology and equipment.

关键词

水稻直播 / 排种器 / EDEM-RecurDyn / 仿真分析

Key words

Direct seeding of rice / seed metering device / EDEM-RecurDyn / simulation analysis

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基金资助

南阳理工学院博士科研启动基金项目(NGBJ-2025-11)

河南省科技攻关项目(252102111175)

河南省南阳市科技攻关项目(2024KJGG0102)