某尾矿坝坝体稳定性分析和锚固支护评估

Stability Analysis and Anchored Support Evaluation of a Tailings Dam in Shandong Province

摘要

本研究以山东某尾矿坝作为研究对象，鉴于其高坝体、复杂地质条件以及潜在环境风险，运用瑞典圆弧法理论计算与数值模拟，对坝体在正常运行、洪水运行以及特殊运行工况（洪水与地震同时发生）下的稳定性进行了评估。结合稳定性结果并针对深层滑动问题，提出了分级锚索支护方案，探讨了不同长度和倾角下的锚索对尾矿坝的加固效果。研究结果表明：在未加固情况下，坝体正常运行时的安全系数符合规范要求，洪水运行以及特殊运行时的安全系数均低于规范阈值，存在失稳风险。在加固情况下，锚索长度与倾角对稳定性提升有协同效应，该坝体最优支护参数组合为锚索倾角20°，锚索长度区间为50~105 m（根据滑动面位置进行调整）。在正常、洪水以及特殊工况下，采用此参数组合的加固坝体均能满足规范要求，加固后的坝体变形速率以及剪应变降低，有效抑制了坝体滑动面的扩展。研究验证了锚索支护在尾矿坝加固中的适用性，为类似工程提供了参数优化方面的依据。

Abstract

This study takes a tailings dam in Shandong Province as the research object. Given its high dam structure, complex geological conditions, and potential environmental risks, the stability of the dam is evaluated under normal operation, flood operation, and special operational conditions (simultaneous occurrence of flood and earthquake) by applying the Swedish Circle Method for theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. Based on the stability analysis results and in view of the issue of deep-seated sliding, a staged anchor cable support scheme is proposed to explore the reinforcement effects of anchor cables with different lengths and inclination angles on the tailings dam. The research findings indicate that under unreinforced conditions, the safety factor of the dam under normal operation meets regulatory requirements. However, during flood operation and special operating conditions, the safety factors fall below the regulatory thresholds, posing instability risks. Under reinforced conditions, the length and inclination angle of the anchor cables exhibit a synergistic effect on stability improvement. The optimal support parameter combination for this dam is an anchor cable inclination angle of 20° and a length range of 50–105 m (adjusted according to the position of the sliding surface). Under normal, flood, and special operation conditions, the reinforced dam with this parameter combination satisfies regulatory requirements. The deformation rate and shear strain of the reinforced dam are reduced, effectively suppressing the propagation of the sliding surface. The study verifies the applicability of anchor cable reinforcement in tailings dam stabilization and provides a basis for parameter optimization in similar engineering projects.

关键词

尾矿坝稳定性 / 瑞典圆弧法 / 锚索支护 / 变形速率

Key words

Tailings dam stability / Swedish circle method / anchor cable support / deformation rate

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