营养元素添加对栀子根际土壤微生物多样性的影响

Microbial Diversity in the Rhizosphere Soil of Gardenia jasminoides under Different Nutrient Elements

摘要

根际微生物在植物生长发育、抵御环境胁迫以及代谢调控方面至关重要。明确不同浓度N、K、P、Mg处理对栀子幼苗根际土壤微生物的影响。选取N、P、K 和Mg 四种营养元素，采用正交试验方法。使用NH₄NO₃、KH₂PO₄、K₂SO₄、MgSO₄参照霍格兰德营养液进行不同营养元素配制，于施用营养元素后第120 d取样，对生理指标及活性成分进行测定。采用高通量测序技术，分别对其根际土壤中微生物多样性、微生物种群组成进行生物信息学分析。结果表明，经主成分分析综合得分排序，T8即NH₄NO₃ 8 mmol/L，KH₂PO₄ 5 mmol/L，K₂SO₄ 3 mmol/L，MgSO₄·7H₂O 8 mmol/L为促进栀子幼苗生长和生理的最佳元素浓度配比。不同营养元素的施用会降低栀子根际土壤细菌群落的丰度及多样性，提高根际土壤真菌群落丰度及多样性，其中T3处理能够显著提高栀子根际土壤真菌群落丰度及多样性。各处理中栀子根际土壤细菌群落优势菌门主要为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）。各处理中真菌子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门 （Basidiomycota）、毛霉门（Mucoromycota）为优势真菌门。综上，营养元素的合理添加可以改善栀子根际土壤细菌和真菌群落的组成及其多样性，可为栀子施肥模式的选择提供新的见解与理论支持。

Abstract

Rhizosphere microorganisms play a crucial role in plant growth and development, resistance to environmental stresses, and metabolic regulation. This study aims to clarify the effects of different concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) on rhizosphere soil microorganisms of Gardenia jasminoides seedlings. Four nutrient elements- N, P, K, and Mg - are selected, and the orthogonal experiment method is adopted. NH₄NO₃, KH₂PO₄, K₂SO₄ and MgSO₄·7H₂O are used to prepare different nutrient solutions with reference to Hoagland nutrient solution. Sampling is conducted 120 days after nutrient application to measure physiological indicators and active components. High-throughput sequencing technology is adopted to perform bioinformatics analysis on the microbial diversity and microbial community composition in its rhizosphere soil, respectively. The results show that based on the comprehensive ranking of principal component analysis (PCA), the optimal nutrient concentration combination for promoting the growth and physiology of gardenia seedlings is T8, consisting of 8 mmol/L NH₄NO₃, 5 mmol/L KH₂PO₄, 3 mmol/L K₂SO₄, 8 mmol/L MgSO₄·7H₂O. The application of different nutrient elements reduces the abundance and diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of G. jasminoides, while increasing those of the fungal community. Among these treatments, T3 significantly enhances the abundance and diversity of the fungal community in the rhizosphere soil of G. jasminoides. Across all treatments, the dominant bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere soil of G. jasminoides are mainly Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, and the dominant fungal phyla are scomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota. Overall, the rational addition of nutrient elements can improve the composition and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities of G. jasminoides, providing new insights and theoretical support for the selection of fertilization strategies for G. jasminoides.

关键词

营养元素 / 栀子幼苗 / 根际 / 土壤微生物

Key words

Nutrient elements / Gardenia jasminoides / rhizosphere / soil microorganisms

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基金资助

2024年中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(闽［2024］ TG22)

福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目(2022N5009)

邵武市二都国有林场有限责任公司资助项目，药赏两用栀子良种‘ 分关 1 号’和‘ 灵地珍栀’丰产栽培示范(KH250309A)