振动碾压作用下煤矸石路基压实规律及施工参数优化研究

Compaction Law and Construction Parameter Optimization of Coal Gangue Roadbed under Vibration Rolling

摘要

煤矸石作为路基填料可实现资源化利用与成本控制，但其振动碾压压实效果与施工参数间的关联规律尚不明确。本文通过理论分析与离散元模拟相结合的方法，系统研究了碾压参数对压实效果的影响规律。通过理论推导，建立了碾压能量与施工参数的数学模型，揭示了平均沉降量 Z与行驶速度 v呈负相关关系，与激振频率 f和单次最大沉降 Z₀呈正相关关系。 Z₀由压实能量 W决定，而 W与激振力及碾压轮自重呈正相关。基于正交试验设计，使用PFC^2D离散元软件对路基振动碾压进行数值模拟，结果表明：激振力从100 kN增至250 kN，经10遍碾压后干密度增长0.09 g/cm³，孔隙率下降8%；激振频率从20 Hz增至50 Hz，干密度增长0.06 g/cm³，孔隙率下降6.3%；行驶速度从1 m/s增至2.5 m/s，干密度下降0.03 g/cm³，孔隙率上升1.5%；松铺厚度从30 cm增至45 cm，干密度下降0.06 g/cm³，孔隙率上升4.7%，表现为激振力、激振频率与压实效果正相关，行驶速度、松铺厚度与压实效果负相关的变化规律。通过极差、方差分析得出影响碾压沉降率最关键的因素为松铺厚度，其次为激振力，而行驶速度、激振频率对碾压沉降率的影响较小。煤矸石路基最优碾压施工参数为松铺厚度35 cm、行驶速度2 m/s、激振频率40 Hz和激振力150 kN。研究结论可为提高煤矸石路基施工质量和效率以及促进煤矸石等矿业废弃物的资源化利用提供一定依据。

Abstract

Coal gangue can be used as a roadbed filler to achieve resource utilization and cost control. However, the correlation between its vibration compaction effect and construction parameters remains unclear. This study systematically investigates the influence of rolling parameters on the compaction effect by combining theoretical analysis with discrete element simulation. Firstly, it establishes a mathematical model of rolling energy and construction parameters by theoretical derivation. The results reveal that the average settlement Z exhibits a negative correlation with the driving speed v, and a positive correlation with both the excitation frequency f and the single maximum settlement Z₀. Furthermore, Z₀ is governed by the compaction energy W, which in turn shows a positive correlation with the excitation force and the roller weight. Based on orthogonal test design, the vibration rolling of subgrade is simulated by PFC^2D discrete element software. The results show that when the excitation force increases from 100 kN to 250 kN, the dry density increases by 0.09 g/cm³ and the porosity decreases by 8% after 10 rolling passes. When the excitation frequency increases from 20 Hz to 50 Hz, the dry density increases by 0.06 g/cm³, and the porosity decreases by 6.3%. When the driving speed increases from 1 m/s to 2.5 m/s, the dry density decreases by 0.03 g/cm³, and the porosity increases by 1.5%. When the loose laying thickness increases from 30 cm to 45 cm, the dry density decreases by 0.06 g/cm³, and the porosity increases by 4.7%. This indicates a positive correlation between excitation force, excitation frequency, and compaction effectiveness, and a negative correlation between driving speed, loose laying thickness and compaction effect. Furthermore, through range and variance analysis, it is concluded that the most critical factor affecting the rolling settlement rate is loose laying thickness, followed by excitation force, while driving speed and excitation frequency have relatively minor effects. The optimal compaction construction parameters of coal gangue subgrade are a loose laying thickness of 35 cm, a driving speed of 2 m/s, an excitation frequency of 40 Hz, and an excitation force of 150 kN. The conclusions of this research can provide a basis for improving the construction quality and efficiency of coal gangue roadbed and promoting the resource utilization of mining waste such as coal gangue.

关键词

煤矸石 / 路基 / 振动碾压 / PFC ^2D / 压实施工

Key words

Coal gangue / roadbed / vibration rolling / PFC ^2D / compaction construction

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