海南岛三种园地土壤固碳微生物群落组成及多样性分析

Community Composition and Diversity Analysis of Carbon-Sequestering Microorganisms in Three Typical Orchard Soils on Hainan Island

摘要

热带园地土壤在陆地生态系统有机碳累积中作用关键，其固碳过程与土壤微生物紧密相关。本研究采用荧光定量PCR和高通量测序技术，分析海南岛三种园地（橡胶林、茶园、果园）土壤固碳微生物群落特征，明确不同园地间固碳微生物基因丰度、群落结构差异及其环境驱动因素，为区域园地土壤碳汇功能可持续管理提供依据。结果表明，研究区内三种园地土壤固碳功能基因丰度整体处于较高水平，具体表现为茶园＞果园＞橡胶林，且基因丰度与土壤有机碳含量呈正相关。固碳微生物群落多样性则呈现橡胶林＞茶园＞果园的规律。不同园地土壤固碳细菌的优势菌门为放线菌门（Actinomycetota）和假单胞菌门（Pseudomonadota），代表性菌属以甲基杆菌属（ Methylibium）、分枝杆菌属（ Mycobacterium）和诺卡氏菌属（ Nocardia）等兼性自养菌为主，但优势固碳类群的丰度配比呈现显著差异，且各园地均形成了与自身生境条件相适配的核心标志微生物属。冗余分析结果表明，不同园地土壤固碳微生物的群落结构差异主要受到土壤易氧化有机碳（ROC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）和pH这4个环境因子的影响，上述因子共同解释了固碳微生物群落结构变异的64.35 %，其中pH的影响最为显著。整体而言，三种园地土壤均具备相当的固碳潜力，相较于茶园与果园，橡胶林的固碳微生物群落更稳定，具有更强的长期固碳功能维持能力。

Abstract

Tropical plantation soils play a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystem organic carbon accumulation, with their carbon sequestration processes closely linked to soil microorganisms. This study employs quantitative fluorescent PCR and high-throughput sequencing to analyze the carbon-fixing microbial community characteristics in three types of plantation soils (rubber plantations, tea gardens, and orchards) on Hainan Island. It aims to clarify differences in carbon-fixing microbial gene abundance and community structure among plantations, as well as identify driving factors, providing a basis for the sustainable management of regional plantation soil carbon-sink functions. The Results indicate that carbon sequestration functional gene abundance across all three orchard types remains relatively high, specifically in the order of tea gardens > orchards > rubber plantations. Gene abundance positively correlates with soil organic carbon content. Carbon sequestration microbial community diversity follows the pattern: rubber plantations > tea gardens > orchards. The dominant bacterial phyla for carbon sequestration across different orchards are Actinomycota and Pseudomonadota, with representative genera including Methylibium, Mycobacterium, and Nocardia. However, the abundance ratios of dominant carbon-fixing groups show significant differentiation, with each site developing core indicator microbial genera matching its specific habitat conditions. Redundancy analysis reveals that differences in soil carbon-fixing microbial community structure across different plantations are primarily influenced by four environmental factors: readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and pH. These factors collectively explain 64.35 % of the variation in carbon-fixing microbial community structure, with pH exerting the most significant influence. Overall, all three types of plots possess considerable carbon sequestration potential. Compared to tea gardens and orchards, rubber plantations exhibit more stable carbon-sequestering microbial communities and stronger long-term maintenance capacity for carbon sequestration.

关键词

橡胶林 / 茶园 / 果园 / 自养微生物 / 高通量测序 / cbbL基因

Key words

Rubber plantation / tea plantation / orchard / autotrophic microorganisms / high-throughput sequencing / cbbL

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基金资助

海南省院士创新平台科研专项(YSPTZX202024)

中国工程科技发展战略海南研究院咨询项目(23HNZX-13)