基于 cpDNA 分子标记的紫椴和华东椴遗传多样性研究

Genetic Diversity of Tilia amurensis and Tilia japonica Based on cpDNA Molecular Markers

摘要

解析紫椴和华东椴遗传背景信息有助于其遗传资源和种质资源的科学保护。基于cpDNA（叶绿体基因组）分子标记开展紫椴和华东椴的遗传多样性分析。研究表明： （1）基于叶绿体基因片段（trnL和trnL-trnF）测序分析，共检测到11种单倍型，其中7种为种群特有单倍型，4种为共享单倍型。单倍型H1为优势类型，分布于10个种群，表明其可能为祖先单倍型。 （2）叶绿体序列变异分析揭示了两个物种之间存在显著的遗传差异。分子方差分析结果表明叶绿体基因组遗传变异主要发生在种群内部。 （3）中性检验和失配分布分析表明，紫椴种群近期可能经历了扩张事件，华东椴种群可能经历了轻微的扩张。该研究结果为紫椴和华东椴遗传资源的有效保护和合理利用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

Abstract

Comprehensive analysis of the genetic background of Tilia amurensis and Tilia japonica is essential for the scientific conservation of their genetic resources and germplasm diversity. Based on chloroplast genome (cpDNA) molecular markers, this study conducts a genetic diversity analysis of eight populations of Tilia amurensis and three populations of Tilia japonica. The results reveal that: (1) Chloroplast gene fragment (trnL and trnL-trnF) sequencing identifies a total of 11 haplotypes, of which 7 are population-specific and 4 are shared among populations. Haplotype H1 is the dominant type, distributed across 10 populations, indicating that it may be the ancestral haplotype. (2) Chloroplast sequence-variation analysis reveals significant genetic differentiation between the two species. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicates that the cpDNA genetic variation occurs mainly within populations. (3) Neutral tests and mismatch-distribution analysis suggest that Tilia amurensis may have undergone recent expansion, whereas Tilia japonica may have experienced a slight expansion. These findings provide both a theoretical basis and technical support for the effective conservation and sustainable utilization of the genetic resources of Tilia amurensis and Tilia japonica.

关键词

紫椴 / 华东椴 / 叶绿体DNA / 遗传多样性

Key words

Tilia amurensis / Tilia japonica / chloroplast DNA / genetic diversity

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基金资助

山东省重点研发计划项目(2024LZGC003)

2021年山东省高等教育“青年创新与科技支持计划”项目：物种保护与生物入侵创新团队(鲁教科函〔2021〕51号)